Six Basic Strategy Essay Example for Free

Six Basic Strategy Essay A Broad Differentiation strategy maintains a presence in both segments of the market. Competitive advantage is gained by distinguishing products with an excellent design, high awareness, and easy accessibility. RD competency is developed that keeps designs fresh and exciting. Products keep pace with the market, offering improved size and performance. Prices are above average. Capacity is expanded as higher demand is generated. Mission Statement Premium products for the industry: our brands withstand the tests of time. Our primary stakeholders are customers, stockholders, management, and employees. Tactics †¢ Research Development: We will keep our existing product line, and introduce at least one more line, maintaining a presence in both segments. Our goal is to offer customers products that match their ideal criteria for positioning, age, and reliability. †¢ Marketing: Our company will spend aggressively in promotion and sales in both segments. We want every customer to know about our superb designs, and we want to make our products easy for customers to find. We will price at a premium. †¢ Production: We will grow capacity to meet the demand that we generate, avoiding second shift/overtime when possible. After our products are well positioned, we will investigate modest increases in automation levels to improve margins, but never at the expense of our ability to reposition products and keep up with segments as they move across the perceptual map. †¢ Finance: We will finance our investments primarily through stock issues and cash from operations, supplementing with bond offerings on an as needed basis. When our cash position allows, we will establish a dividend policy and begin to retire stock. We are somewhat adverse to debt, and prefer to avoid interest payments. We expect to keep assets/equity (leverage) between 1.5 and 2.0. We measure performance in terms of market share, market cap, ROA, and profits.

Complications of Post Angioplasty Bleeding

Complications of Post Angioplasty Bleeding Introduction This paper is aiming to identified the potential complication of post angioplasty bleeding and abrupt closure of coronary artery base on the case of Elizabeth Green from caseworld and explore the issue in depth and widen horizon. Relevant nursing decisions and recommendations of post angioplasty care will be provided and discussed which is based on clinical guideline of the University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic(UMHC). This article is structured into three aspects which are indications of the percutaneous coronary angioplasty and Mrs Green’s data, evidence-supported nursing interventions for bleeding prevention and evaluation of the interventions regarding to ANMC competency elements. The determine progress of individual plan and quality improvement of unique care will be presented. Indication of the percutaneous coronary angioplasty and Mrs Green’s case data Apart from a very small percentage of individuals who has difficulties to pass the guide wire or the balloon catheter through the narrow artery, 90%-95% of patients can be effectively relieved from coronary arterial obstruction after the percutaneous coronary angioplasty. Percutaneous coronary angioplasty is a non surgical treatment offered to patient with coronary artery disease, the major aim of this procedure is to increase the arterial lumen size and allow greater blood flow. A ballon tipped catheter is used to split and reshape the atheromatous material, pushing it to the artery wall therefore more blood can be transferred through the particular artery. Abrupt closure of the dilated coronary artery and bleeding are two uncommon but possible complications for Elizabeth Green within the very first few hours post angioplasty. The cause of abrupt closure varies, it can be due to combination of dissection of the inner lining of artery , thrombosis and spasm at the balloon site. As to assist in preventing thrombosis formulation during or post percutaneous coronary intervention, oral anticoagulant medication including aspirin will be administered to avoid platelets from adhering the artery wall and stimulating blood clotting. To further prevent blood clotting, intravenous heparin or synthetic analogues of heparin molecule can be given to the patients. The anticoagulant drugs can help reduce the risk of abrupt closure however can contribute to increasing risk of post angioplasty bleeding. Giving the fact that Mrs Green’s gender, age, past history of unstable angina and episode of heart attacks make her at high risk for bleeding or bruise on the puncture site. The femoral sheath is funnel-shaped and consist of femoral artery, femoral vein and lymphatic, If there is a bleeding in the femoral sheath, it can spread to the abdominal wall follow the wall of the sheath. There will form a continuation of the transversalis fascia and the femoral sheath can directly connect to the anterior abdominal wall. Differ from bleeding to abdominal wall there is another kind of post angioplasty bleeding named rectus sheath hematoma (RSH). The damage or tear to the superior or inferior epigastric arteries can result in bleeding into the rectus sheath. In many case of major bleeding,RSH can also lead to other complication including multiorgan dysfunction and abdominal compartment syndrome Even the fact that RSH has not been detected post a PTA procedure, when patient present episode of acute abdominal pain, RSH can be considered as a differential diagnosis. evidence-supported nursing interventions for bleeding prevention Following Angioplasty After the procedure, pressure is required to apply on the site for about 5-10mintues in order to close off the insertion holes in the arteries. Patient will be positioned to lie on their back with gauze dressing taped to the site for 4-6 hours. 4-6 hour is proper for normal blood clotting seals the hole in the artery. On the other hand, patient need to be assessed for recurring chest pain which indicate the procedure artery is re-closed, bleeding at the groin site and symptoms of dye-induced kidney damage. Guideline for the nursing care of a patient after percutaneous coronary angioplasty The word ‘guideline’ is chosen rather than ‘standard’ is because clarify of term help in avoiding potential legal consequence. Literature has shown that, in a malpractice suit, standards may be used by plaintiff against hospital. Standards could be misconstrued for inappropriate purpose. In real case, if a patient is required a nurse to monitor observation every 15minutes in the first hour post angioplasty, legally the nursing staff can be charged for not implement the standard, even the nurse is considering patients’ urgent priorities. The term guidelines means those strategies are for quality improving and goals promoting for patient care. Nurse can remain independent nursing decision depend on patient’s individual circumstance. Nursing intervention for caring post angioplasty patient 1.Vital signs should be monitored and documented every 15 minutes in the first hour post procedure then every 30 minutes for 2 hours, every hour for 4 hours then 4 hourly observation.Do not use automatic blood pressure cuff. 2. While doing each of vital signs, assess patient femoral site, symptoms of oozing , swelling and increasing pain show signs of hematoma. Especially when patient is coughing, sneezing, vomiting and flexing position on bed etc, there is a high risk of bleeding. 3. If necessary or ordered, exam and monitor patient’s coagulation test result and hemoglobin studies, usually it is done every 4-6 hours. 4 Follow prescribed regimen to perform anticoagulation therapy (goal is to have partial thromboplastin time 50-100) 5 Put a blanket over patient’s extremity and tuck the end under mattress so patient’s groin site can be immobilize however pressure area like ankle and heel should be protected by putting towels under 6 Movement of the patient need to be minimized. Only move the patient bed to bed once. Avoid weighting patient unless ordered by fellow. When patient need to toilet, use bedpan and turn patient away from the procedure site same with lying on the bed always preferred on the side away from procedure site. If the patient need to change position, educate patient to ask for assistance 7 Procedure site need to remain straight at the hips through out the process Educate patient not to extend and bend their limb. 8 Educate patient to cover their groin site when they coughs and sneezes. 9 Check patient medication history if he is on anticoagulant and provide assessment to the fellow for considerations. 10 Do not perform unnecessary venipunctures or intravenous insertions ,intramuscular and subcutaneous injection only if the coagulation value is normal. Instruct the patient on all the above precautions and cares 11 When patient present bleeding, hold pressure on arterial venous puncture site as longer as the bleeding seems to stop usually take 20 minutes or more. Avoid using sandbag or pressure dressing unless ordered by physician. 12 Report and contact intern for any presenting bleeding or potential bleeding. . The PTCA fellow should be notified by the intern 13 Maintain transparent dressing to site at all times. In patient’s discharge planning, health provider need to provide education pack of self-care of angioplasty and long-term care for coronary disease, these contribute in of complication of angioplasty and further cardiac issue. For example in this education pack instruction need to be provided including when they can recovery to normal activity, in the few day post angioplasty, heavy lifting and strong exercise should be avoided hence the femoral site can heal properly and if patient detect early symptoms who should they contact and what do they need to report to the G.P For patients who have been prescribed with aspirin or other antiplatelet medication post angioplasty, they need to be informed what are the medication the patient must take and the purpose.Usually when stent has been implanted, patient will be administered clopedigrol(Plavix) once a day for within 2-4 weeks time. This medication is an potent aspirin-like drug which help reduce the clot formulation around the stent during the first week after the procedure. To avoid life-threatening complication, clopedigrol is a good prevention and patient should bring this medication before they discharged as prescribed. Specially for those patient who had medication history of anticoagulant to treat chest pain caused by the blockage, they can be resistant to the effects of aspirin thus regular blood examination is required to monitor patient’s response to anticoagulant and the doctor can adjust the dosage of aspirin or change the medication. Family support for the patient is essential in the recovery process, specially for elderly client who live alone, family visit help in early detection of complication and maintain of patient’s regular social function. EVALUATION OF QUALITY CARE Firstly if the nursing goal is achieved, clinical outcome directly match to effort, according to ANMC competence it is the nurses responsibility to fulfill duty of care and prevent harm to the patient for example, quickly identify bleeding in the post angioplasty patient. Secondly, practises in accordance with profession framework, understand clinical guideline and perform excellence quality of nursing care, for example, Avoid venipunctures on the post angioplasty patient. Thirdly, demonstrate analytical skills in accessing and and collecting patient’s data. In the case of the post angioplasty patient, this can be like assess patient on their procedure site and vital signs to and make independent nursing judgment to meet quality care. Based on the ANMC competency, nurse need to be able to identify individual and other team member’s responsibilities. Example is the when there occur bleeding, the nurse should contact the intern for bleeding and report relevant assessment and information. What’s more, nurse need to use evidence-based practice and give patient step by step instructions for performing a task, for example with the onset of bleeding from groin site post angioplasty, nurse need to put on gloves and hold pressure on the sheath site for approximately 20 minutes or more. Last but not least set up individual care plan for patient base on their preference and clinical objectives to meet unique demand of the patient. Conclusion Post angioplasty bleeding can be life threatening complication hence it is important for the health provider to monitor and assess early symptoms for internal or external bleeding. To practice within clinical guide benefit in prevention of the complication however individual situation should be considered and nurse need to make independent decision. Clinical guideline is aiming to improvement of quality of care thus evaluation of clinical outcome and feedback from patient play a role in improving practice.

Development of the Administrative Structure

Development of the Administrative Structure 1 PHASE 1 (1789- 1883) THE FORMATIVE ERA 1.1 Introduction Although Public Administration as a separate academic field was only developed in the early 20th century it is important to study the early history of the field as it gives important insights into the complex governance structure that is currently in existence within the nation. The[b1] first phase began with the setting up of the new government under a new constitution by George Washington in 1789, takes a significant change in approach post the election of President Andrew Jackson which gave rise to the spoils system and finally ends with the implementation of the Pendleton Act which marked an end to the spoils system. The major factors that influenced the creation of an administrative structure during this time period and the reasons why they was modified afterwards will be presented in this section. 1.2 Major Factors The major factors that influenced the evolution of public administration during the first phase presented chronologically are as follows: 1.2.1 Government under the U.S Constitution The United State Constitution was drafted in 1787 and the new government had its first session in 1789 under President George Washington. While the period during the drafting of the constitution involved the sorting and testing of the American heritage of political ideas and experience, the period between 1789 to 1800 was one of selective synthesis of political concepts, and the establishment of a federal system of administration during the presidency of Washington and Adams (Caldwell,1976). The role of public administration during the early formative years was seen primarily as to facilitate in institutionalizing freedom. The government during this phase was largely concerned with coming up with a working system that could factor in the complex relations that existed between the states the centre and provide unique identity to the government 1.2.2 Expansion of Federal Powers under Hamilton The first major changes in the administrative structure of the newly formed state came with the changes brought in by Alexander Hamilton as the secretary of the treasury. During this period, Hamilton introduced several bills through his reports that lead to the federal government assuming state debts, creation of a national bank and tariffs on select trade operations. In just 10 years Hamilton put in place an administrative infrastructure that set the young nation on course for becoming an opulent commercial power (Green, 2002). These advancements by the federal government gave significant power to itself over the states and thus increased its responsibilities as well. The role of the federal government changed significantly after this step, as it moved from the state of being a facilitator to that of a manager of public affairs. The role of Hamilton in deciding the path to be taken by America in becoming an International power was based on supporting a strong national government as a more effective protector of rights and as a greater stimulant to prosperity than the states which would otherwise remain as a force majeure. His contributions to public administration in America according to Green (2002) can be mainly classified among four major categories: politics, organization design, ethics and law. Politics: Hamilton believed that public administration must conform its operations with the political character and principles of its people/society. He was the first person to envision the complex relation that public administration would hold with politics and believed that all three branches (Executive, Legislative and the Judiciary) would be involved with neither monopolizing or being subordinate to the other Organizational Design: Hamilton wanted a strong government that possessed competency and power, particularly considering the failure of the Articles of Confederation. For that to take effect Hamilton envisioned a partial agency concept which allowed separation of powers and also fostered dependency. Ethics :Hamilton was also one of the first persons to identify the role, ethics is to play in public administration. He understood that public administration officials might be influenced significantly and hence wanted to enhance their ethical standards by using external and internal measures like public status, sufficient pay, belief that future generations will view their achievements etc. Legal : Hamilton being one of the founding fathers involved in the writing of the constitution had in depth knowledge of its powers and limitations. He used the necessary and proper clause to create and muster support for his financial and welfare schemes. 1.2.3 Rise of Jefferson and Republicans Thomas Jefferson was ideologically polar opposite of Hamilton and preferred a Laissez-faire approach by the government. Under Washington and Adams Hamilton was setting up the road map towards the creation of America which would posses an integrated balanced economy requiring the simulation of finance and manufacturing and implying a degree of centralized administrative control over the national economy. Jefferson despised this ideology as he had seen first hand the evils of centralization, bureaucracy and public indebtedness during his travels to France as minister to the court. Jefferson wished to keep the American Common Wealth a union as to foreign affairs but decentralized as to domestic affairs. Jefferson became the voice of the people who were against Hamilton and his aggressive federalist ideologics. Jefferson was successful in maneuvering this opposition to Hamilton to finally win the presidency which lead to a significant alternation in the direction America was progressing in for a very long time. Jefferson believed in a wise and frugal government which shall restrain men from harming each other and shall otherwise leave them free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement. The Ideological differences of Hamilton and Jefferson can also be attributed to what they felt constituted America. Hamilton look at America as a growing county that had a huge potential, if it embraced the federalist approach whereas Jefferson viewed America as the people it constituted and wanted to focus more their growth and prosperity. Although Jefferson is considered as one of the finest presidents of America , he is largely remembered for what he said than what he did during his presidency. The major contribution of Jefferson to growth of Public Administration are the set of principles he had developed. They represented to him the rules by which wise administrative action should be guided. They were : Harmony , Frugality Simplicity , Providing for Change, responsibility and decentralization. His role at the top of the executive body made him realize the need for educated and competent leaders in the highest offices. He was also one of the first person who attempted to divide the politics from the administration, although it was done only in the case of federalist appointees. The government of America and its executive body took a 180 degree turn from the Hamiltonian approach, under Jefferson and stayed so until the late 19th century. Another important aspect related to his presidency was his belief int he educat ion system. He believed that education was clearly the responsibility of the government. Jeffersons presidency highlighted the major dilemmas that presidents have to encounter for centuries afterwards. He did not prefer taxation of the general public but had to execute it, he wished for greater local control but at the same time was vary of growing state and local powers. 1.2.4 Populist Approaches and the Rise of Spoils System President Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States of America. His rise to power signaled the rise of the populist democracy and more importantly the spoils system. Under this system the federal government jobs were given to its supporters of the ruling party as a reward for working for it as opposed to a merit system. Jackson’s rise to power signaled numerous ever lasting changes in America. The change in the voting electorate from white men who possessed property to all the white men brought everlasting changes to the democratic structure of America. This eventually lead to the populist movements which meant policies that had more public support were implemented most of the times. The growth of the voter electorate made the process of winning the election process all the more difficult, the parties started to implement the spoils system as an incentive for its party members to work it. The spoils systems had one of the biggest negative impacts on the pro gress of America as it lead to the drain of qualified personnel from administrative positions. The new emphasis on loyalty rather than competence had a long term negative effect on the efficiency and effectiveness of the federal government 1.2.5 Role of the Judiciary The expansion of the powers at the federal level and the varying political stands of the states lead to conflicting situations within the government particularly at the executive and legislative levels. The supreme court passed several land mark judgments in the formative years in cases like the Marbury Vs Madison , Fletcher Vs Peck and Gibbons Vs Ogden using its judicial review powers. These judgments particularly demarcated the boundaries between the executive and the judicial branches and also clearly specified the limitations of the legislatures and the executive branches. The rise of the supreme court and its use of the judicial review powers along with the necessary and proper clause of the congress, helped in acting as checks on the powers imbibed with public administration to the legislature and the executive. The dominance of the judiciary by the federalists, particularly after the might night appointees further polarized the differences in ideologies of the Hamiltonians an d the Jeffersonians and established the important role of the judiciary in public administration. 1.2.6 Changing mood of the Nation America as envisioned by its founding fathers consisted of people who had historically a rights oriented and individualistic culture. This unique point of view of things of Americans was and is, even now one of the major factors influencing its policies and administration. Even the constitution as written by the founding fathers, attempts to be a limiter on the power of the government rather than limit the powers of its citizens. In its early formative years voting rights belonged largely to the aristocrats who were fairly educated. The government until 1829 embraced the Hamiltonian approach and promoted expansion and promotion of the private sector to boost the economy. This decision particularly was comfortable from the elite stand point of view as it helped boost their businesses. But as the awareness and educative levels of the citizens increased gradually, the relative interest of politics within the citizens increased and lead to a situation where in a majority of the voters we re not aristocrats. This change in voting rights and political awareness was influential in creation of populist electorates that eventually lead to the creation of the spoils system. The role of Religion in early America as a social binder was also very crucial in steering the ideological stand of the Americans. 1.3 Role of Presidents The constitution of The United States of America grants its president the power over the executive branch. The unique division of power between the executive, the legislative and the judiciary is what makes the American democracy and administrative structure unique. The necessary and proper clause of the constitution grants the president and his executive office unique privileges and has lead to everlasting impact on the administrative structure of the country. Hamilton himself under president Washington made ample use of the ambiguity in the constitution to propagate a strong centralized federal structure. All the presidents in the formative era except John Quincy Adams were founding fathers and in being so had intent and purpose towards the growth of the nation. Under President Washington, Hamilton envisioned and created a strong federal executive body. He continued the same even under President John Adams and lead to the federal governments increasing hold over the states. Under i ts first two presidents, the American government witnessed a massive boost to the federal and state level executive structures. The American presidents office saw numerous changes under the subsequent presidents of the formative era , but were largely not influential on the administrative structure of the state. The mid night appointees under President Adams lead to politicizing of the judicial and the executive wings also and further increased the powers of the presidency. This period particularly saw the rise of corruption and bargains systems within the administrative structures.

Canals :: essays research papers

Explain changes that took place in Canals during 1750 – 1900 Water transport was a lot quicker than road transport, the only problem was that rivers meandered and flooded, some places were too shallow for boats to go through. A lot of trade was done by sea, coal mainly came to London by sea. Before 1750 improvement schemes were planned but the rivers still flooded travelling by land with goods ment they would get damaged and broken. IN the 18th century the main rivers were; The River Themes, Dee, Trent, Severn, and Humber. Here is a table of when the canals opened: <table border="1"> NAME AND LOCATIONLENGTH (KM/MI)YEAR OPENEDBaltic-White Sea, Russia226.91 / 141.001933Suez, Egypt162.13 / 100.761869Albert, Belgium130.36 / 81.001939Moscow, Russia128.75 / 80.001937Nord-Ostsee, Germany96.56 / 60.001895Gà ¶ta, Sweden86.91 / 54.001832Panama, Panama81.63 / 50.721914Houston Ship Channel, United States80.47 / 50.001914Amsterdam-Rhine, Netherlands62.76 / 39.001952Manchester Ship Canal, England57.13 / 35.501894Chicago Sanitary and Ship, United States48.28 / 30.001900Welland Ship, Canada*44.42 / 27.601932Juliana, Netherlands33.80 / 21.001934Chesapeake-Delaware, United States30.58 / 19.001829North Sea-Amsterdam, Netherlands28.97 / 18.001876Cape Cod, United States28.16 / 17.501914Kronshtadt-Leningrad, Russia27.36 / 17.001885Lake Washington Ship, United States12.88 / 8.001916New Orleans Industrial, United States9.66 / 6.001923Sault Sainte Marie (N.), United States2.57 / 1.601919Sault Sainte Marie, Canada2.09 / 1.301895 * Reconstructed from the old Welland Canal, which was originally completed in 1833. In 1757 the first canal was built, it was called Sankey Cut, it went from St. Hellans to the river Mersy to let barges carry coal from Lancastershire mines to Liverpool. The Duke of Bridgewater built a canal to get coal from his colliery in Worsley to Manchester, a few km away. He employed an engineer (James Brindley) to do so. The Duke made a profit of  £100,000 a year. James Brindleys most famouse canal was the Grand Trunk canal, it links the river Trent to the river mersy and runs through potteries, it was finished in 1777. By 1790, a canal network linked four major ports; Bristol, Liverpool, Hull and London. Enthusiasm continued in the 1790’s so canals were built in rural areas and never made very much profit from them, even if they did benefit people who live near them. Between 1760 and 1840 almost 6,500 km of canal had been built.Some people converted their barges to carry animals to market. From 1774 and comfortable passenger service ran from Altrichham to Manchester. Businessmen hired people like James Brindly, Thomas Telford and William Jessop to build canals to raise the money they set up campaigns.

The Founding Story of Salamis :: Cyprus

The Founding Story of Salamis Teucer announces, â€Å"Despair in no way, tomorrow we will set out upon the vast ocean [for a new homeland in Cyprus].† At the end of the Trojan War, Teucer returned to his home island of Salamis (an island near Greece) carrying news of his brother, Ajax’s, death to his father, King Telamon. The king cursed Teucer for not preventing his brother’s death nor did he avenge his brother’s death on Odysseus. King Telamon had mistakenly thought that Teucer had abandoned Ajax in his moment of need because he had his eye on the throne and future kingdom of Salamis. It was on this reasoning that King Telamon made his decision to banish Teucer from his island homeland of Salamis. Humiliated and dejected, Teucer sails away with his soldiers in search of Cyprus in hopes of making this island their new home. On the way, Teucer’s ship is blown off course. After several days of being lost in the Mediterranean Sea, Teucer lands on the shores of Egypt. He had heard that the famous prophetess Theonoe lived in Egypt. She had been born with the gift of divine knowledge of all things present and to come. He decides to go ashore to seek out an oracle or revelation from Theonoe. If he spoke with Theonoe, Teucer had confidence he would know the correct course to take to get to Cyprus. He says: â€Å"The reason of my coming to this royal palace was a wish to see the famous prophetess Theonoe. I wish to ask how I shall steer a favorable course to the sea-girt shores of Cyprus; for there Apollo hath declared my home shall be, giving to it the name of Salamis.† Teucer – son of King Telamon Instead of finding Theonoe, he stumbles into a beautiful woman, Helen. She says to him, â€Å"Who are you and where are you going? Teucer responds by telling her about his participation in the battle of Troy and that he has been exiled from his birthplace, the island of Salamis by his father King Telamon. Teucer also tells her that he had been sailing to Cyprus to make a new home but has lost his way. He says he is looking for Theonoe to learn from her the quickest course to Cyprus. Helen replies that Cyprus is easy to find but he should leave Egypt soon before the king of the land, son of Proteus, finds him there. The Founding Story of Salamis :: Cyprus The Founding Story of Salamis Teucer announces, â€Å"Despair in no way, tomorrow we will set out upon the vast ocean [for a new homeland in Cyprus].† At the end of the Trojan War, Teucer returned to his home island of Salamis (an island near Greece) carrying news of his brother, Ajax’s, death to his father, King Telamon. The king cursed Teucer for not preventing his brother’s death nor did he avenge his brother’s death on Odysseus. King Telamon had mistakenly thought that Teucer had abandoned Ajax in his moment of need because he had his eye on the throne and future kingdom of Salamis. It was on this reasoning that King Telamon made his decision to banish Teucer from his island homeland of Salamis. Humiliated and dejected, Teucer sails away with his soldiers in search of Cyprus in hopes of making this island their new home. On the way, Teucer’s ship is blown off course. After several days of being lost in the Mediterranean Sea, Teucer lands on the shores of Egypt. He had heard that the famous prophetess Theonoe lived in Egypt. She had been born with the gift of divine knowledge of all things present and to come. He decides to go ashore to seek out an oracle or revelation from Theonoe. If he spoke with Theonoe, Teucer had confidence he would know the correct course to take to get to Cyprus. He says: â€Å"The reason of my coming to this royal palace was a wish to see the famous prophetess Theonoe. I wish to ask how I shall steer a favorable course to the sea-girt shores of Cyprus; for there Apollo hath declared my home shall be, giving to it the name of Salamis.† Teucer – son of King Telamon Instead of finding Theonoe, he stumbles into a beautiful woman, Helen. She says to him, â€Å"Who are you and where are you going? Teucer responds by telling her about his participation in the battle of Troy and that he has been exiled from his birthplace, the island of Salamis by his father King Telamon. Teucer also tells her that he had been sailing to Cyprus to make a new home but has lost his way. He says he is looking for Theonoe to learn from her the quickest course to Cyprus. Helen replies that Cyprus is easy to find but he should leave Egypt soon before the king of the land, son of Proteus, finds him there.

Habitat for Humanity: I Helped Make A Difference :: Community Service, Service Learning

Habitat for Humanity’s goal is to provide affordable homes for low†income families. This requirement surprisingly fits many of the residents of Midland and as a result needs more volunteers to help build these homes. One can assist by painting, clearing lots, aiding in the construction, and much more. I was fortunate enough to meet some of the homeowners and those in process of obtaining one. These people were so uplifting and encouraging to one another that it made my days of volunteering more enjoyable then ever imagined. Working beside them I really got to know them and learn about their situations and future goals for their families. I can recall one instance in which I met a lady who was a single mother trying to provide a better home for her daughter who had severe allergies. When the home we were building came closer to completion, I wondered if we’d place grass on the front and back yards. Continuously questioning our team leader, I finally received my answer. No. It turned out that the lady whom I mentioned earlier would sacrifice having a yard full of grass in order to help her daughter’s allergies, she would also have no carpet due to the dust. After learning of this wonderful deed for the sake of her daughter, I looked up to this woman who was truly unselfish and caring for her daughter’s well being. This home would not only be a representation of her countless hours but also an extension in the preservation of her daughter’s health. Day after day I would apply my skills in painting these homes alongside others who deeply wanted to provide the best quality in their workmanship for those that would soon be moving in. I can’t even express how many times I tried to make a straight line when outlining the frames of the windows and doors in paint. However, their desire to make things appear the best made me want to try harder. After completing a home a dedication ceremony would be held in honor of the family moving in. All that work would be expressed in a single reward, a deserving family with a new home.

Research Study Paper

Article two by Grainiest & Colliers (2012) â€Å"Fellowship's experiences of organizational leadership: A systems psychodrama perspective† was chosen for leadership and article three was carefully chosen for this paper. â€Å"Followers' Personality and the Perception of Transformational Leadership: Further Evidence for the Similarity Hypothesis† by the authors Flee, J. , & Synchs, B. (2010) came from the reference list of article one. These articles titles in comparison all are related to followers' in an organization and show how followers' personality, preferences, and experiences affect how hey perceive leadership.The purpose of the study in article one, the authors wanted the findings built upon the â€Å"Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (GLOBE study)† by analyzing the personalities Of the participants and the impact on implicit leadership views. Article two's purpose for the study is to describe follower-ship exper iences of organizational leadership from a systems psychodrama perspective and the aim of article three's study is to extend previous research on the relationship between follower's personality and the perception and acceptance of ramifications leadership.The comparison of the studies show how followers' personality, preferences, and experiences affect how they perceive leadership in organizations. The authors rational for the topic in article one is â€Å"the primary focus of the GLOBE study and to analyze how cultural preferences predicted leadership preferences. † (Palmer, et al. , 2013, peg. 56) This study added significantly to the body of literature related to implicit leadership and the study did not report how participants' personalities impacted their views of leadership.In article two, the authors' build a strong ease that has given them motivation for the study and their rationale for the topic is because â€Å"the research was important in its rich comment on org anizational leadership as expressed by fellowship in a contained space and interpreting the views from below the surface† (Grainiest, et al. 201 2, peg. 6) which are not expressed in organizations generally and easily. The authors' also commented on how there is no previous research on the topic.Finally in article three, the author's build a plausible case that provide evidence that followers personality influences the perceptions of ramifications leadership and commitment to the leader. For the author's to do their study, they reversed the order of variables in which the leaders affect their followers' attitudes and behaviors to the followers' reactions to leaders as the independent variables and the leaders as the dependent variable. The comparison of the rational in each article provides the prediction of followers' personality whether through the GLOBE study or as one particular leadership style.Research Questions The research questions in each of the articles provide the researcher the tools needed to test their theories. In article one, Palmer along with the other authors provided the following hypotheses to be tested in their study. 1 . DO followers' personality in neurotics correlate with Charismatic Leadership and Directive Leadership? 2. Does Extroversion correlate how followers perceive with preferences to Directive Leadership, Bureaucratic Leadership, or Self Serving Leadership? 3. Does Agreeableness correlate with followers' personality for Charismatic Leadership, Directive Leadership, and Self Serving Leadership? . Do Openness correlate with Directive Leadership, Bureaucratic, and Self Serving Leadership? These hypotheses of followers' neurotics, extroversion, agreeableness, and openness may be positively correlated to Charismatic and Directive leadership but my impact Bureaucratic and Self Serving leadership negatively. Article two state â€Å"given the aforementioned complexity on the macro, mess, and micro leadership levels (Greenest, e t al. , 201 2, peg. 3); the authors wanted to know whether leadership is an anxiety for followers. Also, followers' experiences and how they perceive race and gender in leadership.The following hypotheses are tested: 1) What is fellowship's systems psychodrama experience of organization leadership? 2) Is leadership an anxiety for followers that is an object split between a â€Å"good parent and a bad parent' theory? 3) How does followers experience of organizational leadership denigrating the present and hoping for a good future like â€Å"good bread with bad butter in between'? 4) Do followers perceive race and gender play a part in leadership? 5) Do followers believe leadership is experiencing an adolescent type of identity crises? ) Why do followers perceive leadership as a bad object containing unsolvable shame and haunting organizations? 7) Do coping with existential anxiety round leadership based on trusting the systemic and unconscious life forces towards equilibrium, linke d with an inner strength to survive? Article three tests the hypotheses for followers â€Å"high in extroversion, agreeableness and openness are assumed to perceive or attributed more transformational leadership and to show more affective commitment to their supervisors† (Flee, et al. , 2010, peg. 98) in relation to followers' perceptions of transformational leadership and the affective commitment to the supervisor and the personalities of leaders. The authors' hypotheses mentioned are: 1) Followers extroversion is positively related to the perception Of transformational leadership and to the affective commitment to the supervisor, whereas the relationship with continuance commitment is negative. 2) Followers' agreeableness is positively related to the perception of transformation leadership and to the affective commitment to the supervisor, whereas the relationship with continuance commitment is negative. ) Followers' openness is positively related to the affective commitmen t to the negative. 4) Followers' neurotics is negatively related to the perception of prevision, whereas the relationship with continuance commitment is positive. 5) Followers' perception of leaders' personality (high extroversion, high agreeableness, high openness and low neurotics) is related to the perception of transformational leadership and to affective commitment to the supervisor. ) Relationship between follower personality and the perception of transformational leadership and commitment to the supervision are mediated by the perception of one's leader's personality. A comparison of the research questions show article one with four hypotheses, article two with seven, and article three with six hypotheses Sample Population The sample population in each of these articles show a comparison that mostly women were used in the studies. The first article shows that it used 132 college educated, full time managers or leaders in an organizations with there being 81 females and 48 mal es within these groups.Out of the 1 32 participant, 75 were Hispanic, 30 Blacks, 12 White and 15 who were of other ethnicities and their age average of 40 years. There are 8 newly identified cases on leaders of large organizations in article two with 64 participants insisting of 52% White, 33% Black, 9% Indian, and 6% other with 58% participants being female and 42% male between the ages of 28 and 61 years. Article three participants in the study are 1 53 clerical volunteers and women being 75% of the workers with the average mean of 36. 5 in their ages.A comparison shows that show women were mostly interviewed. What does not compare, is that article two did not have as many participants as one and three. Article three did not mention ethnicity or race as did articles one and two. Results Examining the results of each study, the authors in their perspective articles how that their hypotheses are mostly positive and correlate to the given research questions. In article one, the curre nt study found the personality trait of followers' on agreeableness as being a predictor high on leadership.New experiences for followers openness is incongruent with Bureaucratic Leadership, but personality traits related to â€Å"Charismatic, Value-Based Team dervish and Directive Leadership, and negatively related to Bureaucratic Leadership and Self-Serving Leadership. † (Farmer, et al. , 201 3, peg. 62) Neurotics was positively correlated with preferences for Charismatic Leadership and Directive Leadership. Extroversion was positively correlated with preferences for Directive Leadership and negatively correlated with tolerance for Bureaucratic and Self-serving Leadership.Agreeableness was positively correlated with preferences for Charismatic Leadership and Directive Leadership and negatively correlated with tolerance for Self-Serving dervish. Openness was positively correlated with preferences for Directive leadership and negatively correlated with tolerance for Bureaucr atic and Self- Serving Leadership. Whereas in article two, leadership is seen from followers' experience is torn between the rational and mechanistic task and leaders avoiding how followers as people are being cared for. Followers perceive leaders as adults who treat them as children.Although article three states â€Å"followers' extroversion and agreeableness were positively related to the perception of overall transformational leadership and to affective commitment to the supervisor, the relationship between followers' extroversion and continuance commitment to the supervisor was negative and agreeableness was not related to continuance commitment. † (Grainiest, et al. , 201 2 peg. 01) Openness, transformational leadership, and commitment are correlated in a direction that is positive, with continuance commitment showing only a significance to leaders.Neurotics is negatively related to followers' perception of affective commitment and transformational leadership. The percep tions of transformational leadership was positively related to perceived leaders' extroversion, openness, and agreeableness and negatively related to perceived leaders' neurotics. â€Å"There is support for the mediation effect Of extroversion and agreeableness, a tentative support for neurotics but no support for openness. (Flee, et al. , 201 0, peg. 93) Therefore, the comparison of the hypotheses is that follower's perceptions of leadership through followers' personality traits see leadership as not caring and followers' are agreeable to prevent conflict and the perception of transformational leadership is the leadership that followers perceive their leaders to be. Conclusion The limitations of article one are the use of the GLOBE questionnaire using two empirical pilot studies. Article two mentioned a limitation that leadership was included in the study therefore, no interpretation about the other's view an be made.Article three's data is cross-sectional and they cannot rule out that transformational leadership influences followers' self-perception and their influence of personality characteristics examined in this study is limited. The comparison of the limitations is that the authors' were not able to provide enough data using data from previous studies. In conclusion, Palmer and the other authors from article one in their findings found that extroversion in leadership is strongly correlated to effective leadership and their study found the personality trait of followers in agreeableness is insistent in regards to leadership.From article 2, leadership is by followers' views is seen as a relationship that Sees followers as immature. The authors also suggested future research should be done to include the leadership experiences of fellowship and to conclude with article three, the findings the authors found suggests that leaders influence strongly the behaviors and attitudes of followers in commitment, performance, and satisfaction. Elevating followers' mo tives and values, the transformational leadership sets leaders' behaviors as a proven effect in organizations.