The Values And Ethics Of The Profession Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Values And Ethics Of The Profession Social Work Essay Essay Social workers are put into hard state of affairss on a regular footing. The Health and attention professions council ( HCPC ) set guidelines to help the challenges societal workers face. To stay registered, a societal worker demands to stay by the HCPC codification of moralss to guarantee bringing of the best possible service for users. Working within the guidelines set can be disputing as it may do struggle with the service users values or potentially the societal workers ain values. For the intent of this essay, moralss will be defined as professional duties and regulations of behavior ( Meacham, 2007 ) . Social work values will be defined as a scope of beliefs about what is regarded as worthy or valuable in a societal work context ( BASW, 2012 p17 ) . This essay focuses on two countries of the personalisation agenda that can do challenges for societal workers ; adjustment and personal budgets. The mark service user group for the intents of this essay is people with disablemen ts. Using the definition stated in the Equality Act, ( 2010 ) A individual is considered handicapped if they have a physical or mental damage that has a substantial and long-term negative consequence on their ability to make normal day-to-day activities . Legislation and demands to back up grownups with disablements is increasing for the over 11 million people with a restricting long term unwellness, damage or disablement in Great Britain ( office for disablement issues, 2012 ) . However, handicapped people report assorted feelings and reactions to the statute laws and regulations put in topographic point sing their attention and allowances ( Dalley, 1991 ) . The societal philosophical attacks to societal work will be used to cover with the challenges and struggles societal workers face. This essay touches upon Kant s deontology ; Bentham s and Mills utilitarianism and Biestek s 7 rules attack. We will write a custom essay sample on The Values And Ethics Of The Profession Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Values And Ethics Of The Profession Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Values And Ethics Of The Profession Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Immanuel Kant ( 1785 ) developed the theory of deontology. This means that societal workers need to be advancing good actions and the right motivation, nevertheless the effect is non of import and the thought of an acceptable motivation is capable to opinion ( Adapted by Hartsell, 2006 ; Banks, 2001 ; Reiman, 2009 ; Meacham, 2008 ) . Subsequently, Kant introduced the thought of a categorical jussive mood ( CI ) . A CI maintains a individual s motivations for their actions and they hence should be acceptable as a cosmopolitan jurisprudence. A Therefore people should move on motivations that can be used by everyone in a moral society and lead to esteem for people ( Darwell, 2002 cited in Reiman, 2009 ) . From this it is seen that people should be treated as an terminal, for illustration a pick or desire, instead than a agency ( object ) to our ain terminals. He believed that everyone should be treated with respect regardless of their features or behavior ( Banks, 2001 ) . Kant negotiations about regard for the single individual and advancing self finding. Biestek ( 1961 ) produced 7 rules that over clip have become extremely influential to societal workers looking at values and moralss within their pattern. 5 chief rules have been used: Individualization ; Recognition that each service user has alone qualities, good and bad. Purposeful look of feeling ; Recognition that service users need to show their feelings ( particularly negative 1s ) freely. Credence ; The societal worker should be able to work with a service user without go throughing opinion and accepting Persons for who they are, including their strengths and their failings. Non judgemental attitude ; Social workers should be able to non go through opinion or assign guilt to the service user. It is about judging the service users behaviour User self finding ; the societal worker should be able to steer the service user, depending on their on their capacity, to hold freedom in doing their ain determinations and picks ( Adapted by Banks, 2001 ) . Utilitarianism focuses on a consequentialist attack as it focuses on the effects of the action, instead than the actions themselves. ( Scheffler, 1994 cited in Reiman, 2009 ) . Decisions should be made on the consequences and effects it could hold on society instead than on a personal and single footing, and to advance maximal good within society. The right action produces the greatest balance of good over evil the rule of public-service corporation. ( Banks, 2001 ) . Utilitarianism is based on a theory developed by Bentham and Mills who looked into two subdivisions of utilitarianism ; hedonic and ideal utilitarianism. Bentham explored hedonic utilitarianism, where good was matched with felicity. Mills explored the thought of ideal utilitarianism. This focused on good being about virtuousnesss, truth and cognition, non merely felicity. ( Banks, 2001 ) . The theory promotes the greatest good for the greatest figure of people. When doing a determination it is imperative that the effec t is considered. Therefore as a societal worker, it would be good to look at the effects of the extroverted action and measure what would be most good and least harmful to the service user. In the late 1980 s, the Government recognised that an betterment in entree to community services was required. The Government were committed to supplying more support for people with long term demands by helping and back uping persons to pull off their conditions and supplying services they require in the community instead than in long-stay infirmaries. ( Oliver, 1996 ) Morris ( 1993 ) conducted a survey that looked into handicapped persons who needed twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours services. He found that handicapped persons were get downing to experience a sense of hopelessness and weakness when seeking to entree statutory services. Historically, societal workers assessed and told service users what services they needed. Through the personalisation docket, and the debut of direct payments, service users told the societal worker their demands. For the first clip, the societal worker had to accept the service user s self-assessment and so utilize the appraisal to see if the hi ghlighted issues were eligible under Fair Access to Care ( 2003 ) statute law. Direct payments were introduced in 1997 and societal workers had to interpret service user needs into a pecuniary value to enable them to buy their ain service. The purpose was to give persons command over their attention and their lives. Direct payments evolved into personalised budgets and have further evolved into a more individualized budget / service program. The demand for alteration and equality of service proviso has been recognised as more positions are being voiced by people with disablements. In line with Beistek s theory, service users are utilizing purposeful look of feeling and self-government to enable the societal workers to cognize their wants and needs. This has resulted in alterations which could cut down the potency for struggle in the hereafter. A farther challenge is budgetary control. Service users frequently want services that are financially unavailable to them. Although moralss province that service users should be encouraged to hold self- finding, be treated as a whole and the societal worker should advance and supply information sing their attention ( BASW, 2012 ) , the service users pick can non ever be guaranteed. Utilitarianism would propose that this is because if service users ever received the services they wanted, the societal worker would non be advancing the greatest good for the greatest figure, alternatively would be taking a more Kantian attack of advancing moral good. These two philosophical attacks cause struggle within themselves. The Mental Capacity Act ( 2005 ) says a individual lacks capacity in relation to a affair if at the stuff clip he is unable to do a determination for himself in relation to the affair because of an damage of, or a perturbation in the operation of, the head or encephalon . ( s2 ) . This leads to challenges and struggles for societal workers. If the service user had capacity, there could be conflict over the manner they spend their budget which could take to the societal worker handling that single without regard. Following the BASW codification of moralss ( 2012 ) , it states that societal workers should esteem the right to self-government. Kant would back up this position as, by the societal worker back uping the person to run into their ain self-defined demands, the societal worker is advancing good actions that will in bend produce good results for the person. The societal worker demands to recognize that the person has human rights and freedom to voice their positions. Burton ( 1996 ) showed that there was a failure to recognize the unequal power dealingss between the societal worker in control of proviso of services and the service user who relies on the services. This therefore would sabotage Beistek s rules of self-government as, although the service user is voicing their sentiment, the societal worker is non listening and this could be seen as endangering the rules of personalisation and the codification of moralss that are imperative. The execution of The Mental Capacity Act needs to be reviewed to guarantee workers are following statute law and moralss. It should non be assumed person lacks capacity because they have a disablement. On the other manus, if the service user did nt hold capacity, it could do struggle between the societal worker and the paid carer and/or unpaid carers. If the service user lacks capacity, how would the societal worker or the carers be able to measure what was best for the person? A societal worker would hold to uphold and promote human self-respect and wellbeing every bit good as authorising the person. ( BASW, 2012 ) . These moralss and values are supported by Beistek s theory. Workers need to handle the service user with regard, be non -judgemental and accept the state of affairs the service user may be in. The societal worker hence would merely be able to move upon their appraisal which should include the carer s positions on what is best for the service user. Utilitarianism, an alternate statement, would reason what s the greatest good for the greatest figure? What would profit the service user more? The societal workers positions or the carer s positions? The results need to gua rantee that the maximal people are happy. The societal worker could make the maximal felicity and cut down struggle by utilizing authorization. The societal worker would esteem the demands and penchants of the service user, via the carers and household members every bit good as recognizing their ain biass to guarantee the correct services are offered. The Community Care Act ( 1990 ) promotes attention in the community and people remaining within their ain place, leting the person to utilize their personal budget and have carers to advance independency. There is grounds to propose for illustration, persons who have fractured a limb, menu better when they recuperate in their ain places. ( Pignolo, Keenan and Hebela, 2011 ) . Adjustment is a major concern for many service users ( Davis and Wainwright, 1996 ) . One facet that could do struggle is the pattern of puting immature people in immature disablement units, belongingss that are specifically designed for people with learning disablements. Although this could be seen as a solution for people to interact and hold support, there is a possible struggle as the person can non take where they want to populate and may populate a distance from family/friends. If placed in a intent built constitution, the persons are classed as being housed by the local authorization and hence do non acquire to take alternate locations ( Oliver, 1996 ) . The quandary for the societal worker is the demand to take the persons positions into history whilst equilibrating their demands and wants, peculiarly if the service user lacks the capacity to do the determination. It is improper for anyone to subscribe a occupancy understanding on behalf of an person who lacks capacity. A capacity appraisal needs to be undertaken to guarantee the service user understands how to keep that occupancy. In order to continue, an application needs to be made to The Court of Protection. This could take to conflict as the societal worker and lodging section demand to continue the jurisprudence, nevertheless many households feel they have the right to subscribe a occupancy for their handicapped household member and happen it hard to accept that this is non the instance. Harmonizing to BASW ( 2012 ) , the societal worker demands to develop professional relationships with the service user and the household, uphold the repute and values of the profession every bit good as recognizing diverseness and handling the person as a whole. Utilitarianism would urge looking at what benefits the whole household, instead than merely the service user. Challenges arise when the service user lacks capacity. Using the useful attack, it could be said that the service user should nt be given a occupancy as it does nt advance the greatest good for the greatest figure. This position is in struggle with BASW codifications of moralss. It could be seen as unethical pattern and lead to farther struggle. Beistek would back up the position of BASW in utilizing the specific value base that service users should be allowed to freely show their feelings, both positive and negative, and the societal worker should listen and do a determination in an accepting and non-judgemental manner. However, Kant would state that although the effect of non acquiring a pick in where the service user lives is a negative result, the purpose of puting them in a place, with other people to socialize is a good moral opinion that is entirely profiting the person. Another possible struggle could be older handicapped persons being forced into attention. The Sutherland Report ( 1999 ) claimed that older handicapped people were being forced into institutional attention excessively early due to the deficiency of alternate attention at place. Sixsmith and Sixsmith ( 2008 ) provided grounds that by 2008 there had been a displacement in attention proviso and that the Personalisation Agenda meant that people were staying in their place for longer and having appropriate services. However there is a farther potency for struggle when suiting people, with disablements, to remain in their places. Persons may desire to turn old at place but is this possible for people with significantly reduced mobility? Many places are unaccessible to wheelchair users and those with important mobility damages ( Burns, 2004 ) . There is a Government strategy whereby handicapped people can use for a handicapped installation grant to hold their places adapted, and certain per sons have to re-pay the Government, therefore the Government is non financing expensive attention bundles. The function of the societal worker would be to negociate, support and authorise the service user to hold their demands met in the most appropriate, coveted manner. Harmonizing to Kant s theory, holding a loan is the moral good as people will be able to stay at place for longer, advancing felicity and community attention. This would be supported by the values of BASW which states societal workers need to handle the service user as a whole and respect their right to self-government. In contrast to Kant s theory, Utilitarianism would see weighing up the effects of taking the service user from their house and into an altered and safe environment. I.e. a attention place could be seen as an easier option for handicapped people to have attention. This position could do struggle because the societal worker is traveling against the wants and desires of the service user. Utilitarianism looks at the best result for society instead than on an single degree. Therefore, by traveling persons out of the house into the attention place may supply maximal felicity for society, although it disregards the person s positions and sentiments. This is a unfavorable judgment of the theoretical account as many service users could potentially non hold their demands met in a mode that is acceptable to them due to the focal point being on the benefit to society. This could be peculiarly true e.g. for people with English as a 2nd linguistic communication or who follow a spiritual religion. However, Beistek would hold with Kant in advancing self-government. A cardinal subject running throughout this essay is respect for the single individual as a ego finding being. Both Kant and Beistek promote this and hence look to be the societal philosophical theoretical accounts best tailored towards societal work values and moralss. There are clear struggles between traditional societal work and the personalisation docket for people with disablements. These struggles have been reduced with the debut of HCPC moralss. If the societal worker systematically uses these theories whilst working with struggle and disputing service users so the BASW moralss will be maintained and the service users will have the best appropriate service available within Fair entree to care standards.

Memories and Death essays

Memories and Death essays It was the month of June 1996. My dad was very sick in the hospital so my mother sent my younger brother and I to my cousins house for the week. It was a Saturday and I was more than ready to go home for the weekend. I missed my parents and I was anxious to see how my father was doing. My cousins drove us home later that afternoon. My mom had just brought my dad home from the hospital but she had to leave right away to go to work. My dad seemed to be doing great. He was in a very lively mood and was really happy to see us. There was a nurse staying with my dad to help him out with anything he needed. It was hard for him to walk because he was so weak. It hurt to see my father like this. I could remember a time not too long ago when we all used to go camping or fishing together. My dad could do everything a healthy person could do. The nurse was very friendly. She talked to us about how my father was doing and she was very interested in the way we felt about things. She had a very warm heart. Later that evening when my mom came home from work she didnt seem very happy. My father had been in and out of the hospital for a year. Usually when he came home it was a very happy time for us. This time was different. My mom sat down with my brother and I and told us that the doctors couldnt do anything else for him. He only had 6 months to live. I didnt want to believe what she was saying. It just didnt seem real to me. I could feel myself begin to cry, but I tried to hold it back. I didnt want mom to see me cry. She was already going through enough pain. I decided to make the best of things and spend as much time with my dad as I could. Since it was summer time I didnt have school. I didnt go out with friends or go anywhere in fear of losing my father while I was gone. I wouldnt be able to forgive myself if I wasnt there with him. ...

COMMENT 2 INT LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Policy Development Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

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Marketing Plan On Frasers Hill In Pahang State Tourism Essay

Marketing Plan On Frasers Hill In Pahang State Tourism Essay Malaysia is a country in South-East Asia, located on a peninsula of the Asian shares a border with Thailand. In an effort to diversify the economy and make Malaysias economy less dependent on exports the government has pushed to increase tourism in Malaysia. Malaysia has become third largest source of income from foreign exchange,  ¹ and accounted for 7% of Malaysias economy as of 2005.  ² As of 2009, Malaysia ranks 9th among the top most visited countries in the world, after Germany. There are several tropical islands in Malaysia; some have been voted the most beautiful in the world. The islands in Malaysia are: Labuan , Langkawi, Pangkor, Penang Island, the western half of Penang, which is heavily industrialised, Redang Island, Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park, Perhentian Islands, Kapas Island, Lang Tengah Island and Sipadan Beside tropical islands, Malaysia has several national parks and nature reserves. The national parks and nature reserves are: Bako National Park, Sarawak famed for its wildlife, especially bearded pigs and proboscis monkeys, Batang Ai National Park, Sarawak, Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Gunung Gading National Park, Sarawak, Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Niah Caves National Park, Sarawak, Loagan Bunut National Park, Sarawak, Kinabalu National Park, Sabah home of 4100 metre peak Mount Kinabalu, Taman Negara National Park the self-proclaimed Worlds Oldest Rainforest, spanning Kelantan, Pahang and Terengganu, Endau Rompin National Park, Johor. Source: Place of interest of Frasers Hill (http://malaysiabudgethotel.com/destinations/pahang/fraser-hill.html) Executive Summary Frasers Hill Its name derives from Louis James Fraser, a solitary Scottish pioneer, who setup a tin ore trading post in the 1980s ³. Later it was turned into one of the tourist attractions in Malaysia. Location Frasers Hill includes seven peaks and is located at the altitudes between 1,220 and 1,525 meters above sea level. Year round temperatures are between 17 °C 25 °C. The resort is situated 64.6 miles from the capital city, Kuala Lumpur. At the foot of the steep ascent, at an altitude of only 800m, is The Gap, where a colonial rest house remains open. Then winding 8km single track road up from The Gap is open in alternate directions each hour; the drive takes 30 minutes. Some visitors prefer to walk up, spotting birds and enjoying the noticeable fall in temperature4. A new alternative road was opened in 2001, but from time to time this is closed due to landslides5. Place of interest Golfing The first golf course in Malaysia is constructed on Frasers Hill in 1925. The 9-hole course was built on former tin mines. Then 18-hole course was added at Jeriau, abot 3km from the main town in the 1970s. Source: Frasers Hill Golf (ttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frasers_Hill_Golf_Course.JPG) Bird watching Bird watching at Frasers Hill is a notable centre. The hill has over 270 species of local and migratory bird flocking here together. Each year the Annual International Bird Race is held in the second weekend of June, organized by the Frasers Hill Development Corporation in collaboration with WWF-Malaysia and the Malaysian Nature Society. Participants throughout the world converging on the hill station in a team competition. They need to identify and record the highest number of species of birds stated in the official check list. Other Place of interest In Frasers Hill, there are many more place of interest such as Clock Tower, Jeriau Waterfalls, hiking at Hemmant Trail, Bishops Trail, and Pine Tree Trail and Tennis. Situation Analysis Frasers Hill has become popular and growing in the 60s and 70s, and now it has gradually it reaching maturity and moving toward the decline stage. Frasers Hill seem not been well perceived by the locals and foreign tourist in recent years. The arrival of the tourist and occupancy rates of hotels and resorts have decline in recent years. The tourism industry players have brought this problem to the federal government. Source: product life cycle: Frasers Hill (http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/) To analyze the environment of Frasers Hill, let use the SWOT analysis to analyze. SWOT analysis Strength Frasers Hill has its beauty of it. It surrounding by green, forest, cool and fresh air. It gives people peace of mind and also its cool and invigorating weather throughout the year. Since Frasers Hill was established by Birtish, it has been built up with some British design of chalets and hotels. Therefore this will enhance the British image in Frasers Hill which can bring people an image of little Britain as an attraction for tourist to visit this place. This could let the people who had been to Britain get the feel and people who never been to Britain to get the feel of how Britain is. Opportunities This could be the best reason to attract more visitors then it could gain its market share. The natural greenery, forest walks, fresh air and exotic flower landscape is the main attraction for tourism. There are potential to popularise Frasers Hill as more and more people are aware of staying near to nature. Weakness The major problem is the road condition to Frasers Hill only single track road. Even though new track has been built but it was not usable due to landslide has deter local and foreign tourist to visit Frasers Hill. To overcome this problem, the road should be rebuilt or modified to become two track roads which allow more traffic go up to the hill and come down of the hill. Other weakness is that there are not many activities going on in Frasers Hill. The local and foreign tourist especially the younger generation find Frasers Hill have become boring and no excitement at all. Threats As the decline of the Frasers Hill attraction, this could result to deter the development of Frasers Hill to become an attraction place of interest. This cause the tourist arrival rate has declined, accommodation sector in Frasers Hill has running low. This is mainly due to lack of critical mass for Frasers Hill, which ahs caused the tourism industry players such as the hotel and resort operates unable to operate at economical or sustainable level. This causes some of the restaurant and hawker operators in Frasers Hill operate their business on weekend and school or public holidays only as this is not economical and profitable to sustain the business during weekdays low season periods. Furthermore, site enquiries also revealed that most of them run the businesses on part-time basis and this could cause limited supply and variety of fine dining offer at Frasers Hill. Objective Setting Company Mission Frasers Hill development mission is to bring back the attraction of the resort to local and foreign tourist. It aims to fill up the vacancy of accommodation sector in Frasers Hill. This could allow the tourism industry to operate at economical and sustainable manner. Marketing Objectives Specific objectives to bring back the attraction and popularisation of Frasers Hill and to popularise the International Bird Race held every second week of June each year. This Frasers Hill International Bird Race is actually a fun event where human participants and nature lovers, from Malaysia and overseas, will outdo each other to sight, identify and record the most number of bird species within a set time frame and location in this cool highlands. Achievable As Frasers Hill currently loss it popularity and attraction, therefore it would need some campaign to bring the awareness of this hill resort to local and foreign tourist. It could be achievable to promote it attraction in Tourism Malaysia Board and also during the MATA fair. Time Frasers Hill has lost it popularity for sometime, there for it would need some time to recover and accepted as one of the attraction by the local and foreign tourist. It would take one to two years for it to develop. Strategy Development Choice of growth strategy to analyse Frasers Hill are using Ansoff Matrix. Source: Ansoff Matrix (www.tutor2u.net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm) Below are strategy development suggestions to achieve Frasers Hill mission. Market Penetration By applying market penetration, modifying the image of Frasers Hill could bring some fresh changes and attraction to the tourist. This would not divert to different direction or market but make it more interesting and maintain its score beauty. Market Development Market development are use to enter into new market. Frasers Hill has its market; they are target to company weekend break, family gathering, seasonality tourism holidays, school and industrial holidays. It could also attract those younger generation who like sports, like hill climbing, rock climbing, jungle trekking, and bird watching and get to know types of flora and fauna. Based of these two strategies, Frasers Hill not only maintain and keeping the existing customers but also able to attract younger generation to come over to visit, who are now willing to spend time with the families for relax and recreation. The also create awareness of the younger generation to get closer to nature. Marketing Mix Now, we would use tactic to make them work. We can have a short term plan to inform or create awareness to new market especially about the change we are now. We can create awareness by doing advertisement or advertorial in most popular local newspapers, travel magazines to inform changes we had made or what are our attractions again. Meanwhile we can have some promotion like free breakfast for 2 nights stay etc. The tactical applications are: Product Frasers Hill is a product that is profitable. It is a tourist attraction place for foreigners as well as local people and weekday long-stay guest. This could be the proposed plan for Malaysia Second Home Programme. Price The price is varies according to accommodation provided by different tenants. Having a discussion meeting with those tenants not to charger higher price as compare to Genting Highland or especially to Cameron Highland who is our competitor. Place Frasers Hill is located at a very suitable place with cool weather throughout the year. It is between 1,220 and 1,525 meters above sea level and year round temperatures are between 17 °C 25 °C. As Malaysia is a hot year round country, therefore is a benefit for tourist to chill at the hill resort. Promotion Create some promotion activities such package with accommodation and jungle activities organisation in for a group and jungle trekking for individual. Such as accommodation package stay of 3 days inclusive free breakfast or accommodation package stay inclusive of activities and meals. Frasers Hill could implement strategic alliance with bus company to have a direct transport from big city such as Kuala Lumpur to travel to Frasers Hill, this could save lots of trouble for people who would to go to Frasers Hill without any transport. It could also work well to foreigners who come to visit Frasers Hill. This could save the tourist hassle to look for transportation arrangement People People play a crucial role in the tourism sector especial Frasers Hill. Expertise with knowledge of Frasers Hill is crucial as it would be the main source of information delivered to the tourist. Local people living in the surround area are important as well. They would provide the history and development of Frasers Hill as they see it develop from the early age. As people who work in the resort or recreation park will need to gain product and service knowledge of Frasers Hill surrounding area as they would need to recommend to the tourists the attraction, activities and position of each attraction. Process In order to provide a good customer service, the people of the organisation should be trained but also it is important to have an efficient and effective order process and procedure. An intranet should be installed so that all the relevant departments are able to access to it and response to whatever inquiry or problem that may encounter. Service feature are important to improve Frasers Hill as a tourism attraction. Investment to improve the infrastructures, internet connection, telecommunication and interactive information on Frasers Hill need to be accurate and informative. Accessibility of information and location of Frasers Hill need to be easily accessible. Map and travelling would be a very great help to assist the tourist to reach their destination without any trouble. Physical evidence Physical evidence is important as Frasers Hill is a kind of service to our customer. Hence website design, the ambience has to carry its tagline, objectives and vision i.e. to be a little Britain. The total ambience has to carry English image, design and slogan. The website should always carry it tagline like McDonald Im lovin it. This will project a full image of what Frasers hill is to all customers. Frasers Hill surrounding areas should be clearly noticeable and attractive to the tourist as this would be a first impression to the tourist. Tree and grass need to be trim if it has become obstacle to the beauty of Frasers Hill. Appearance of staff working in Frasers Hill need to be as helpful, friendly, easy going, clean and fresh facial appearance, excellent customer service and excellent communication skills. It will bring an excellent image of Frasers Hill to the tourist. Leaflet and brochure information of Frasers Hill are accurately printed at actual time (latest information) and actual map with clear instruction or information so tourist could refer to it easily. Frasers Hill would need to invest to create a good website to introduce it place where tourist can easily get information without any hassle. Information are keep up to date with it current weather condition and temperature can be easily found. Action and implementation Action The above marketing strategy and tactics need to turn into action plans. No matter how good is the strategy or tactics been set, it would not be in place if we do not have to appropriate people to make it happen. It will not help at all. Hence research on information about Frasers Hill need to be updated. Latest photo of Frasers Hill should be update so it looks attractive and feel good when the tourist look at it. For employees who work in the resort or hotel, training is require, a clear vision and objective need to inform all employees in order for them to carryout their job well and bring excellent service to tourists. Some plan need to be outsourced because Frasers Hill may lack of expertise on it field such are marketing, advertisement, and training. By outsourcing, it would proof the efficiency and effectiveness of promoting Frasers Hill to regain it glory and well know to local and foreign tourist. Advertisement need to plan in advance according to it budget. As Frasers Hill are not doing so well now it would need to advertise it within it budget. Frasers Hill will not choose to advertise on the media as it is a very expensive cost to advertise. There are other options for it to advertise. It could advertise with local travel agents, leaflet, website, and hospitality, Tourism Board Malaysia, MAS Airlines, Air Asia, and sponsoring of golf tournament. By this mean of advertising, it will help Frasers Hill to promote and reach out to people about it location and attraction. Implementation Implementation of marketing plan includes three activities: Allocating tasks and responsibility Once a specific plan has in place, then the next steps is to allocate the tasks and responsibility. As for Frasers Hill; Advertisement is the responsibility of it marketing people to draw up an appropriate concept to bring the message to the tourist. Training is the responsibility of it human resources people to train the employees with the latest information about the surrounding area and attraction place. Operations Day to day job to maintain Frasers Hill operations would be taken care by it Operations Manager to make sure that every area are cover and operate efficiently. Communication Public relations are very important. Therefore, communication with the public, media and journalist is very important as it will bring a great impact on Frasers Hill re-launch it present as an attraction to the people. Scheduling of marketing activities Below is the Gantt chart for Frasers Hill project schedule 2010/11. This project will take 7 months for it initial planning. Research for improvement will take place for one and half month from September to mid-October 2010. Then follow by the strategy planning which will take place for one and half month from October to mid-November 2010. The marketing will start at the end of October to end of November 2010. Then the advertising will be running for longer period from December 2010 until February 2011. This will takes three months to advertise Frasers Hill. Then training will be held for two months from February 2011 till March 2011. This would give a proper view and time management on how the project will be able to execute successfully and this prevent any wastage cost. Gantt chart Frasers Hill Project Schedule 2010/11 Setting the marketing budget As Frasers Hills have not been doing well, there the cash flow will be very thing. The method of budget will be percentage of it sales (as the sales figure are unavailable), the other options will be based on historical budgetary records. It would be estimate the budget for this advertisement would approximately  £15,000. Monitoring and Control Once the marketing plan starts to be implemented, the next task of management is to monitor and control what goes on. Monitoring This is to check that everything is going according to plan and according to time set as in the Gantt chart. As this is an ongoing project, the key performance indicator will be evaluating to check how far the progress of the plan is. Control Control means taking corrective actions as early as possible if things are not going according to plan. After all these advertisement planning, implementation and training, we need to monitor the progress, and control from time to time. So that, the initial stage of the plan would not go far away from the objectives. There are few option of control can be down such as benchmarking, balanced-scorecard, the marketing audit, profitability control and sales control. The best method of control is the benchmarking method. Benchmarking This is the process of comparing the Frasers Hill products and services and processes to those of competitors such as Cameron Highlands to find ways to improve quality and performance. Appendix SOSTAC Model SOSTAC is summarizing the main steps of strategy marketing by Paul R.Smith (1990). Situation Analysis is looking at analysing where we are now using SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, Marketing Mix or Competitive Position. Objective is looking at where we want to go using Ashridge Mission model, 5Ps model or SMART. Strategy is looking at how we going to get there using market segmentation or positioning. Tactics is looking at some details of the strategy using Tools communication. Actions are looking at implementation putting the plan to work using Action plan, RACI model, CSF or KPIs. Control is track progress through measuring, monitoring, reviewing, updating and modifying using compare performance management or balance scorecard.

Predictive Analytics: the Future of Business Intelligence

The market is witnessing an unprecedented shift in business intelligence (BI), largely because of technological innovation and increasing business needs. The latest shift in the BI market is the move from traditional analytics to predictive analytics. Although predictive analytics belongs to the BI family, it is emerging as a distinct new software sector. Analytical tools enable greater transparency, and can find and analyze past and present trends, as well as the hidden nature of data. However, past and present insight and trend information are not enough to be competitive in business. Business organizations need to know more about the future, and in particular, about future trends, patterns, and customer behavior in order to understand the market better. To meet this demand, many BI vendors developed predictive analytics to forecast future trends in customer behavior, buying patterns, and who is coming into and leaving the market and why. Traditional analytical tools claim to have a real 360 ° view of the enterprise or business, but they analyze only historical data—data about what has already happened. Traditional analytics help gain insight for what was right and what went wrong in decision-making. Today’s tools merely provide rear view analysis. However, one cannot change the past, but one can prepare better for the future and decision makers want to see the predictable future, control it, and take actions today to attain tomorrow’s goals. What is Predictive Analytics? Predictive analytics are used to determine the probable future outcome of an event or the likelihood of a situation occurring. It is the branch of data mining concerned with the prediction of future probabilities and trends. Predictive analytics is used to automatically analyze large amounts of data with different variables; it includes clustering, decision trees, market basket analysis, regression modeling, neural nets, genetic algorithms, text mining, hypothesis testing, decision analytics, and more. The core element of predictive analytics is the predictor, a variable that can be measured for an individual or entity to predict future behavior. For example, a credit card company could consider age, income, credit history, other demographics as predictors when issuing a credit card to determine an applicant’s risk factor. Multiple predictors are combined into a predictive model, which, when subjected to analysis, can be used to forecast future probabilities with an acceptable level of reliability. In predictive modeling, data is collected, a statistical model is formulated, predictions are made, and the model is validated (or revised) as additional data become available. Predictive analytics combine business knowledge and statistical analytical techniques to apply with business data to achieve insights. These insights help organizations understand how people behave as customers, buyers, sellers, distributors, etc. Multiple related predictive models can produce good insights to make strategic company decisions, like where to explore new markets, acquisitions, and retentions; find up-selling and cross-selling opportunities; and discovering areas that can improve security and fraud detection. Predictive analytics indicates not only what to do, but also how and when to do it, and to explain what-if scenarios. A Microscopic and Telescopic View of Your Data Predictive analytics employs both a microscopic and telescopic view of data allowing organizations to see and analyze the minute details of a business, and to peer into the future. Traditional BI tools cannot accomplish this functionality. Traditional BI tools work with the assumptions one creates, and then will find if the statistical patterns match those assumptions. Predictive analytics go beyond those assumptions to discover previously unknown data; it then looks for patterns and associations anywhere and everywhere between seemingly disparate information. Let’s use the example of a credit card company operating a customer loyalty program to describe the application of predictive analytics. Credit card companies try to retain their existing customers through loyalty programs. The challenge is predicting the loss of customer. In an ideal world, a company can look into the future and take appropriate action before customers switch to competitor companies. In this case, one can build a predictive model employing three predictors: frequency of use, personal financial situations, and lower annual percentage rate (APR) offered by competitors. The combination of these predictors creates a predictive model, which works to find patterns and associations. This predictive model can be applied to customers who are start using their cards less frequently. Predictive analytics would classify these less frequent users differently than the regular users. It would then find the pattern of card usage for this group and predict a probable outcome. The predictive model could identify patterns between card usage; changes in one’s personal financial situation; and the lower APR offered by competitors. In this situation, the predictive analytics model can help the company to identify who are those unsatisfied customers. As a result, company’s can respond in a timely manner to keep those clients loyal by offering them attractive promotional services to sway them away from switching to a competitor. Predictive analytics could also help organizations, such as government agencies, banks, immigration departments, video clubs etc. , achieve their business aims by using internal and external data. On-line books and music stores also take advantage of predictive analytics. Many sites provide additional consumer information based on the type of book one purchased. These additional details are generated by predictive analytics to potentially up-sell customers to other related products and services. Predictive Analytics and Data Mining The future of data mining lies in predictive analytics. However, the terms data mining and data extraction are often confused with each other in the market. Data mining is more than data extraction It is the extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases or data warehouses. Data mining, also known as knowledge-discovery in databases, is the practice of automatically searching large stores of data for patterns. To do this, data mining uses computational techniques from statistics and pattern recognition. On the other hand, data extraction is the process of pulling data from one data source and loading them into a targeted database; for example, it pulls data from source or legacy system and loading data into standard database or data warehouse. Thus the critical difference between the two is data mining looks for patterns in data. A predictive analytical model is built by data mining tools and techniques. Data mining tools extract data by accessing massive databases and then they process the data with advance algorithms to find hidden patterns and predictive information. Though there is an obvious connection between statistics and data mining, because methodologies used in data mining have originated in fields other than statistics. Data mining sits at the common borders of several domains, including data base management, artificial intelligence, machine learning, pattern recognition, and data visualization. Common data mining techniques include artificial neural networks, decision trees, genetic algorithms, nearest neighbor method, and rule induction. Major Predictive Analytics Vendors Some vendors have been in the predictive analytical tools sector for decades; others have recently emerged. This section will briefly discuss the capabilities of key vendors in predictive analytics. SAS SAS is one of the leaders in predictive analytics. Though it is a latecomer to BI, SAS started making tools for statistical analysis at least thirty years prior, which has helped it to move into data mining and create predictive analytic tools. Its application, SAS Enterprise Miner, streamlines the entire data mining process from data access to model deployment by supporting all necessary tasks within a single, integrated solution. Delivered as a distributed client-server system, it is well suited for data mining in large organizations. SAS provides financial, forecasting, and statistical analysis tools critical for problem-solving and competitive agility. SAS is geared towards power users, and is difficult to learn. Additionally, in terms of real-time analytics, building dashboards and scorecards, SAS is a laggard compared to competitors like Cognos, Business Objects, and Hyperion; however, its niche product in data mining and predictive analytics has made it stand out of the crowd. SPSS SPSS Inc. is another leader in providing predictive analytics software and solutions. Founded in 1968, SPSS has a long history of creating programs for statistical analysis in social sciences. SPSS today is known more as a predictive analytics software developer than statistical analysis software. SPSS has played a thought-leadership role in the emergence of predictive analytics, showcasing predictive analytics as an important, distinct segment within the broader business intelligence software sector. SPSS performs almost all general statistical analyses (regression, logistic regression, survival analysis, analysis of variance, factor analysis, and multivariate nalysis) and now has a full set of data mining and predictive analytical tools. Though the program comes in modules, it is necessary to have the SPSS Base System in order to fully benefit from the product. SPSS focuses on ease; thus beginners enjoy it, while power users may quickly outgrow it. SPSS is strong in the area of graphics, and weak in more cutting edge statistical procedures and lacks robust methods a nd survey methods. The latest SPSS 14. 0 release has improved links to third-party data sources and programming languages. Insightful Along similar lines is Insightful Corporation, a supplier of software and services for statistical data analysis, data mining of numeric, and text data. It delivers software and solutions for predictive analytics and provides enterprises with scalable data analysis solutions that drive better decisions by revealing patterns, trends, and relationships. Insightful’s S-PLUS 7, is a standard software platform for statistical data analysis and predictive analytics. Designed with an open architecture and flexible interfaces, S-PLUS 7 is an ideal platform for integrating advanced statistical techniques into existing business processes. Another tool offered by Insightful is Insightful Miner, a data mining tool. Its ability to scale to large data sets in an accessible manner in one of its strengths. Insightful Miner is also a good tool for data import/export, data exploration, and data cleansing tasks, and its reduces dimensionality prior to modeling. While it has powerful reporting and modeling capabilities, it has relatively low levels of automation StatSoft Inc. StatSoft, Inc. is a global provider of analytic software. Its flagship product is Statistica, a suite of analytics software products. Statistica provides comprehensive array of data analysis, data management, data visualization and data mining procedures. Its features include the wide selection of predictive modeling, clustering, classification and exploratory techniques made available in one software platform. Because of its open architecture, it is highly customizable and can be tailored to meet very specific and demanding analysis requirements. Statistica has a relatively easy to use graphical programming user interface, and provides tools for all common data mining tasks; however, its charts are not easily available for the evaluation of neural net models. Statistica Data Miner another solution that offers a collection comprehensive data mining solutions. It is one of two suites that provides a support vector machine (SVM), which provides the framework for modeling learning algorithms. Knowledge Extractions Engines (KXEN) Knowledge Extraction Engines (KXEN) is the other vendor that provides a suite that includes SVM. KXEN is a global provider of business analytics software. Its self-named tool, KXEN provides (SVM) and merges the fields of machine learning and statistics. KXEN Analytic Framework is a suite of predictive and descriptive modeling engines that create analytic models. It places the latest data mining technology within reach of business decision makers and data mining professionals. The key components of KXEN are robust regression, smart segmenter, time series, association rules, support vector machine, consistent coder, sequence coder, model export, and event log. One can embed the KXEN data mining tool into existing enterprise applications and business processes. No advanced technical knowledge is required to create and deploy models and KXEN is highly accurate data mining tool and it is almost fully automatic. However, one record must be submitted for every entity that must be modeled, and this record must contain a clean data set. Unica Affinium Model is Unica’s data mining tool. It is used for response modeling to understand and anticipate customer behavior. Unica is enterprise marketing management (EMM) software vendor and Affinium Model is a core component of the market-leading Affinium EMM software suite. The software empowers marketing professionals to recognize and predict customer behaviors and preferences—and use that information to develop relevant, profitable, and customer-focused marketing strategies and interactions. The automatic operation of the modeling engine shields the user from many data mining operations that must be manually performed by users of other packages, including a choice of algorithms. Affinium is an easy to use response modeling product on the market and is suitable for the non-data miner or statistician, who lacks statistical and graphical knowledge. New variables can be derived in the spreadsheet with a rich set of macro functions; however, the solution lacks data exploration tools and data preparation functions. Angoss Software Corporation Another leading provider of data mining and predictive analytics tools is Angoss Software Corporation. Its products provide information on customer behavior and marketing initiatives to help in the development of business strategies. Main products include KnowledgeSTUDIO and KnowledgeSEEKER, which are data mining and predictive analytics tools. The company also offers customized training to its clients, who are primarily in the financial services industry. Angoss developed industry specific predictive analytics software like Angoss Expands FundGuard, Angoss Telecom Marketing Analytics, and Angoss Claims & Payments Analytics. Apart from financial industry Angoss software is used by telecom, life sciences, and retail organizations. Fair Isaac Corporation Along similar lines, Fair Isaac Corporation is the leading provider of credit scoring systems. The firm offers statistics-based predictive tools for the consumer credit industry. Model Builder 2. 1 addresses predictive analytics, and is an advanced modeling platform specifically designed to jump-start the predictive modeling process, enabling rapid development, and deployment of predictive models into enterprise-class decision applications. Fair Isaac's analytic and decision-management products and services are used around the world, and include applicant scoring for insurers, and financial risk and database management products for financial concerns. IBM Not to be left out, the world’s largest information and technology company, IBM also offers predictive analytics tools. DB2 Intelligent Miner for Data is a predictive analytical tool and can be used to gain new business insights and to harvest valuable business intelligence from enterprise data. Intelligent Miner for Data mines high-volume transaction data generated by point-of-sale, automatic transfer machine (ATM), credit card, call center, or e-commerce activities. It better equips an organization to make insightful decisions, whether the problem is how to develop more precisely targeted marketing campaigns, reduce customer attrition, or increase revenue generated by Internet shopping. The Intelligent Miner Scoring is built as an extension to the DB2 tool and works directly from the relational database. It accelerates the data mining process, resulting in the ability to make quicker decisions from a host of culled data. Additionally, because D2B Intelligent Miner Scoring is compatible with Oracle databases, companies no longer have to wait for Oracle to incorporate business intelligence capabilities into their database product. User Recommendations Depending on an organization’s needs, some predictive analytics tools will be more relevant than others. Each has its strengths and weakness and can be highly industry-and model-specific—the algorithms and models built for one industry are not applicable to other industries. Financial industries, for example, have different models than what are used in manufacturing and research industries. Selecting the appropriate predictive analytics tools is not a simple task. The following capabilities must be taken into consideration: algorithm richness, degree of automation, scalability, model portability, web enablement, ease of use, and the capability to access large data sets. The more diversified the business, the more functions and unique models are required. Model portability is important even within different business units in the same company. The scalability of the solution and its ability to handle expanded functionality should also be verified and based on a business’ growth. The tools also have to be tested by the right experts. To understand and interpret predictive analytics results, one has to be knowledgeable about statistical modeling. One should look for the main functions and features of the tool and try to match them with their main requirements, as well as measure the trade off between functionality and cost. For example, some functionalities might be more important for some companies and less important for others. Buyers should also beware. Although marketing campaigns for predictive analytics solutions claim †ease of use†, these tools are not for beginners. Users require extensive training and expertise to use the core functionalities of the predictive analytics solutions, such as identifying data, building the predictive model with right predictors, data mining knowledge to align with business strategy etc. Furthermore, predictive analytics automates model building, but does not automate the integration of business processes and knowledge. Thus expertise and training are required to evaluate the best software relevant to an organization’s unique business model. Nonetheless, if a company has or is willing to attain the expertise required to use predictive analytics it can definitely benefit from the tool. Although most large enterprises use some sort of traditional BI tool or platform, their tools do not provide predictive analytics functionality. Incorporating predictive analytics into an existing BI infrastructure can provide organizations’ a competitive advantage in their industry. Consequently, the integration of BI tools is a key consideration when selecting a predictive analytical tool, as is its integration with key applications such as enterprise resource planning, (ERP), customer resource management (CRM), and supply chain management (SCM) etc. Ultimately, since predictive analytics is currently the only way to analyze and monitor the business trends of the past, present, and future, selecting the right tool can be a key success factor in your BI strategy. About the author Mukhles Zaman has more than twenty five years experience in the IT industry specializing in business intelligence (BI), customer relationship management (CRM), project management, database design, and reporting software. He is a leading BI expert and has worked as a senior project manager on IT projects for Fortune 1000 companies in India, the Middle East, US, and Canada. He has also developed call center systems, software architecture, and portfolio management systems. He holds an MA in Economics, and a BA in Economics and Statistics from the University of Dhaka and is an Oracle Certified Professional. He can be reached at [email  protected] com.

Physiological Cost of War

The main concern before the Iraq adventure, in the United States revolved around the almost forgotten veterans of the Vietnam War who had at one time put their lives in harms way and were still paying the price and coping with persistent dysfunction. These veteran’s health care problems and the provision of proper resources and services for these aging men were proving to be an irritant of the bygone days, and then the Gulf War came to us; or rather we went to it with open arms.The wheel has turned full circle once again and today a whole new and young generation of veterans has come to replace the old veterans before they are all gone into the pages of history. Perhaps this new problem of new health care issues that has been forced on our conscious may also make us spare a few thoughts for our older veterans. They are still reeling from the psychological harm done to them ages ago and perhaps this will serve as a notice to us that in all probability, the new generation of vet erans will also carry similar scars into their and our futures too.They have done their part and we must not forget to do ours, by taking care of them and by not forgetting them as we forgot some of the old ones. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder It was â€Å"Shell Shock† in World War 1 and â€Å"Combat Neurosis† in World War 11 and now it is PTSD. Since the evolution of mankind there have been battles and wars and irrespective of their outcomes, they have had all types of long terms effects on mankind and the American Psychiatric Association have finally recognized it as â€Å"Anxiety Disorder† and termed it as PTSD.Let us hope and pray that there are no more future wars and this scourge does not have to be redefined any more and given another fancy name. PTSD, as we shall call it by its current term is a result of traumas, and usually after an individual goes through one; it sets in within a few months and lasts several years or even lifetimes. Usually in wars so ldiers and civilians are often subjected to violence and brutalities during battles and wars while participating in them or even witnessing them and these experiences causes’ traumas.PTSD however, may also be caused by non-combat incidents of violence and brutality towards civilians and combatants, with many veterans never having been aggressive yet suffering from profound feeling of guilt just because of their having been associated with such acts. It has however to be noted that violence in warfare is clearly the reason for triggering PTSD.The symptoms for PTSD can vary like the re-experiencing of traumatic events, such as flashbacks or intrusive thoughts, nightmares, obsessive recollections, avoidance symptoms like fear of being with people, signs of hyper arousal like easily being startled or irritated, increased arousal, avoidance of experiences or people who trigger memories of such events, nervousness, over-reaction to sudden noise, difficult in sleeping, cold sweats, nightmares, difficulty in relating emotionally to others, bouts of rage with depressions, depressions, feelings of extreme alienation and meaningless, isolation from people, in extreme cases thoughts of murder or suicide etc. For these symptoms to develop, it can take anything from a few months to years to reach the stage where it is fully blown up. As soldiers are led to believe that admission of bad feelings are signs of weakness, their superiors usually discourage them from seeking professional help and thereby making it difficult to identify PTSD timely.To improve the quality of their lives and their interests, soldiers should take care of themselves as best as they can and not succumb to peer pressure, and seek help from a qualified mental health professional. PTSD can be treated through therapy, medication or a combination of both (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). Health Care of Veterans The principle responsibility for the provision of health care for veterans is with the Dep artment of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The individuals entitled to receive medical care and rehabilitation services are either from the regular military, National Guards or from the reservists, however, their benefits, treatment and the services they avail differ in some ways.The designated agencies and institutions that take care specifically of the health problems and disabilities which arise during or after having returned from active duty of veterans do not provide their services to the general public. Risk of Veterans A number of studies have reported that serious flaws are existing in the response these veterans are getting from the nation. The collection and reporting of the veteran’s occupational and environmental health and safety (OEHS) is not being recorded properly and the utilization of data is at times critically wrong in identifying the exposures that had put the members of the armed services at risk. The correct knowledge of such exposures is vitally important for proper diagnosis and treatment and veterans at times at risk of negative health effects and even of becoming disabled.Recommendations in this regard have already been made to the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs, which have also been largely accepted by them. It is necessary that the Department of Veterans Affairs puts in place procedures to hold the government responsible based on available proof to prove that the veterans were not exposed to alleged toxic of other dangerous substances as claimed by them to be the main causes of their disabilities. These procedures should also include provisions to cover for the spouses and children of service personnel who also may have been affected genetically or by secondary exposures. Transition ServicesThe transitional factor in veteran’s term is also an important one because when individuals transit from the Department of Defense to the Department of Veterans Affairâ€⠄¢s health and rehabilitation facilities, due to the lack of data sharing between them key information about the seriously injured veterans is found lacking. This obliges the Department of Veterans Affairs to depend on the unreliable data sharing arrangement made between them and the local military treatment facilities. This is a major issue where veterans are concerned and in particular this is harmful to those of them who are disabled and need vocational and other necessary services. These haphazard arrangements and practice also need to be addressed at the highest forums of the country with urgency (Health, 2006). Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderPTSD has become amongst the greatest challenges being faced by the country to meet the required levels of health care and rehabilitation for military personnel. PTSD needs to be redefined as a disability because it can prove to be chronic as well as invisible and it can also be episodic. During the chronic stage it can be controlled and not be defined as a disability through coping strategies and in its episodic manifestation stage where a singular or more major life functions is affected, it may be mistreated as being temporary and be limited to the prevalent statutory definition of disability. â€Å"The Institute of Medicine has been studying PTSD on an ongoing basis for more than two years.While recognizing that the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of PTSD may in some cases be uncertain, and in all cases will be highly individualized, NCD recommends that Congress conduct further oversight hearings into the VA’s understanding of the PTSD problem and into the agency’s ability to deal with it effectively, and that all necessary resources be made available to enhance VA’s work in this area. † (CRS Order Code RL 32961, June 24, 2005) Cost of War to Connecticut The direct cost to Connecticut due to the war from the year 2001 till the middle of 2006 has been the following according to officia l sources: While failing to give any priority to Connecticut’s security concerns, the present administration’s war has claimed a heavy toll of 9,604 young and brave Connecticut men and women lives in Iraq.A tremendous strain has been put of the families of 3,655 Reservists and National Guards who were deployed in Afghanistan and Iraq with many of them being called repeatedly to report for duty. The figures for the above two statistics are according to the Department of Defense as on 5/31/06. In Connecticut the administration has failed to secure the ports and borders adequately. The people of Connecticut are collectively trying to transform the war policies around and are pressing for the redeployment of the American Forces as quickly as possible. Connecticut is struggling to honor the sacrifices of the 268,947 veterans who have served for the nation and is trying to ensure that their due earned benefits are given to them.Due to the war, 40,100 jobs in the manufacturin g industries have been lost and at present 75,000 people are searching for jobs in Connecticut. The annual income per family has dropped to around US$ 274 since the 2000’s in Connecticut and the rising costs of consumables has reduced the purchase powers of the minimum wage earners to the lowest levels in 50 years. The people of Connecticut also feel that instead of creating jobs that pay well, the administration is providing subsidies of billions of dollars in corporate tax for overseas shipping jobs, while refusing to increase since the last nine years the minimum wage levels. The Connecticut people have to pay $ 3.20 for a gallon of gasoline on average, which is 111% more than what it was in January 2001, thus forcing families in Connecticut to bear and additional $2,695,339,147 cost of $2,001 per every two-car family on gasoline in comparison to 2001 as per the figures of the â€Å"House Government Reform Committee, Dem. Staff, 7/06†. Health insurance costs have sh arply raised in Connecticut since 2000 by $ 1,009 per family, which is a 66 percent rise, with the number of residents not insured reaching 407,000, which amounts to a 61,000 increase of residents since the year 2000. College costs for the 172,775 Connecticut students have soared as the federal financial aid by GOP has been reduced.Thus, attending a 4 year public college is costing32% more and of a 4 year private college costing 22% more in comparison to the fall of 2000, thus a typical student who borrows for graduation from college is in debt of $ 19,093. Unfortunately for Connecticut students the administration has cut $ 12 billion from the federal student aid programs making it harder for colleges to manage properly. Due to the war, the record out of control budget deficits is proving to be heavy taxes for the Connecticut families. It is to be noted here that during the last 5 years, the administration have turned a $ 5. 6 trillion surplus that was projected for 10 years into a record debt, and it borrowed another staggering $ 1 trillion, which is more borrowing than the combined totals of all the past 42 U. S. president’s administration put together.The net economic impact amounts to a debt burden of $ 31,393 per every typical middle-income Connecticut family of four (Official Website of the U. S. House of Representatives). In Connecticut the average outpatient psychiatric care expenses for every veteran comes up to $2,317 a year, which is considerably much more than being spent in other states. (Veterans Health Care) Cost of War in General Due to PSTD While more than 1. 2 million have so far gone for the war effort in Afghanistan and Iraq since 2001, with over a fourth of them having served their tour of duty more than once, Yale researcher’s studies indicate that approximately 196,000 veterans have symptoms of PTSD and its treatment costs $ 274 million, which is almost 13 percent of the total medical budget.Yale researchers expect that wit h the troops engaged now in two wars the numbers of PTSD cases in veterans will further raise. Furthermore, data collected from recent surveys conclude by suggesting that between 10 and 20 percent of the soldiers presently in Iraq meet the criteria by which PTSD is measured. (Yale, n. d. ) According to a report in the Associated Press dated 28th July 2006, every third soldier returning from war will have mental health related problems, which could lead to PTSD. The report continues by mentioning that 3 to 5 percent of the soldiers are diagnosed with severe mental health problems after they leave the combat zones, while a staggering 13 percent soldiers suffer severe mental health issues at the time of being in the combat zones.Mental health issues are also diagnosed when soldiers undergo their follow-up screening during the three and six month period, where another 4 to 5 percent are diagnosed with PTSD. However, PTSD symptoms are comparatively higher amongst the soldiers of the Nati onal Guard than the regular Army soldiers. In view of the stress related problems in the combat zones, 200 mental health experts have been sent to Iraq to help soldiers through counseling so as to prevent suicidal tendencies and other mental problems. (Soldiers Return Home with Mental Disorders) According to Congresswoman Rosa L. DeLauro (Conn. -3) m, approximately every sixth soldier returning from the war zone demonstrates PTSD symptoms and she has therefore requested for better mental health services for soldiers and their family members. (DeLauro)Another report in the March 12, 2007 issue of the Achieves of International Medicine suggests that soldiers younger then 25 years seemed more vulnerable to PTSD. (One of Three War Vets Have Mental-Health Problems) The fighting with an insurgency in Iraqi with unclear enemies and on the front lines have left soldiers highly vulnerable to PTSD and many are turning to alcoholism and drug abuse and at times they do not get timely treatment or proper counseling. A study by the found that 80% of the soldiers diagnosed with symptoms of PTSD were not referred for further mental-health services or evaluation. Studies have also confirmed that repeated deployment of soldiers increased the risk of PTSD. (Iraq War Vets Face Mental Illness) ConclusionWe will start the conclusion with the following quote: â€Å"Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired, signifies in the final sense a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed. † – President Dwight D. Eisenhower April 16, 1953 War is not just a business for the administration but war is everybody’s business as it is concerned directly with the mothers and the families of troops on the battle-fields and indirectly with the mothers and families of those who are affected due to the consequences of war. War concerns directly with the young men and women who because of their traumatic experience som etimes turn into the living dead.The clock that ticks the total running cost of the war in Iraq alone at the early hour of 3/16/07 was as at a staggering U. S. Dollars 374,213,602,800. – And increasing by the thousand every few seconds and it seemed to be in a rush to overtake the â€Å"dooms day clock†, (Farabaugh, 2006). While history has always been littered with exaggerated gross underestimates of war costs and some of their fine examples are; Abraham Lincoln had originally calculated the civil war to cost $ 250 million and to last 90 days but the civil war had its final price tag of $ 3. 3 billion and it lasted four years. The First World War was to be a short and inexpensive one as per forecasts and the Vietnam War cost 90% more than its forecast.The 1991 Persian Gulf or rather the Kuwait War ended up costing $ 76 billion in war costs directly but for a change these were paid for by the U. S. allies, however, it did cost a relatively lower number of 148 combat de aths. A decade later the taxpayers of the United States are still absorbing billions of dollars towards the cost of providing treatment for the injuries and disabilities of the veterans of that particular war, where one third of the 1990/1991 Gulf War veterans numbering 206,000 have filed for disabilities claims out of which 159,000 have been approved. If this postwar casualty rate is considered extraordinary, then God help us all with the postwar casualty rate of our present war.The former economic advisor to the White House, Lawrence Lindsey had suggested that the intervention in Iraq could cost the United States about 2% of its Gross Domestic Product or roughly put $200 billion. His estimates were rapidly dismissed by the White House and in a few months later he was dismissed from his position. Approximately a year and a half later his prediction began proved to be wrong and a gross underestimation of the Iraq intervention. The U. S. taxpayers up to now have committed approximate ly $180 billions for the buildup to the war for overthrowing Saddam Hussein’s regime and for the occupation and rebuilding process in Iraq, and this is not inclusive of the special aid and trade deals cost for buying allies.And the biggest source of underestimation that the war would be a â€Å"cakewalk† has been proven wrong. (Hartung, 2004) References DeLauro, Calls for Mental Health Services for Returning Soldiers http://www. house. gov/delauro/press/2005/April/vet_mh_04_11_05. html 16 March, 2007 Health, 2006, Chapter 4, National Council of Disability, Chapter 4 http://www. ncd. gov/newsroom/publications/2006/progress_report. htm#chapter_four Accessed: 16 March, 2007 Iraq War Vets Face Mental Illness, Addictions http://www. jointogether. org/news/headlines/inthenews/2006/iraq-war-vets-face-mental. html 16 March, 2007 Kane Farabaugh, 2006, Iraq War at Heart of Connecticut Senate Race http://www. voanews. com/english/archive/2006-10/2006-10-13-voa40. cfm?CFID=4842840 7&CFTOKEN=31645168 Accessed: 16 March, 2007 Official Website of the U. S. House of Representatives http://www. house. gov/delauro/NewDirection/NewDirection_Connecticut. html Accessed: 16 March, 2007 One of Three War Vets Have Mental-Health Problems, March 12, 2007 issue of the Archives of International Medicine http://www. jointogether. org/news/research/summaries/2007/one-of-three-war-vets-have. html 16 March, 2007 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD Fact Sheet http://www. ivaw. org/ptsdfactsheet Accessed: 16 March, 2007 Soldiers Return Home with Mental Disorders http://www. jointogether. org/news/headlines/inthenews/2005/soldiers-return-home-with. html Accessed: 16 March, 2007Steve Robinson, Executive Director of the National Gulf War Resource Center, a veteran’s advocacy organization in Silver Spring, Md. Accessed: 16 March, 2007 The war in Iraq cost the United States http://www. venusproject. com/ecs/Cost_of_War_files/Cost_of_War. html Accessed: 16 March, 2007 Veterans H ealth Care Issues in the 109th Congress (CRS Order Code RL 32961, June 24, 2005) Veterans Health Care http://ptsdcombat. blogspot. com/2007/03/war-list-oefoif-statistics. html Accessed: 16 March, 2007 William D. Hartung, 2004, Iraq and the Costs of War, FPIF Policy Report http://www. fpif. org/papers/2004cost. html Accessed: 16 March, 2007 Yale, VA supporting troops on the home front http://www. medicineatyale. org/v2i1_january2006/ptsd. html Accessed: 16 March, 2007

Welsh History essays

Welsh History essays Wales has a tumultuous and somewhat violent history. During the early years A.D., the country was in turmoil with the Roman invasions, and the biggest defenses that the Welsh had were the deep, dark hills scattered all over the country. Without the safety of these hills, Wales would certainly have been taken over by the Romans. After the Romans left Wales, the Vikings presented a new threat to the peaceful lands of Wales. The Romans also had a huge effect on the Welsh religion and language. Wales was affected both negatively and positively by these invasions. In 55 B.C., Julius Caesar planned a series of exploratory expeditions into Wales, which were inspired by tales of large deposits of gold in the vast hills in North Wales. (Millet, 1995, p.187) These explorations prepared the ground for the arrival of the Roman armies (Cunliffe, 1990, p.203). In 43 A.D., the Roman army arrived on the shores of Wales to attempt a completion of their new Roman British empire (Tedesco, 178, p. 387). Wales had a strong military history that took a central role in society as far back as 1200 B.C. (Thompson, 1989, p.735). The old Roman boast Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered) might have been applied to other places in their vast empire, but in Wales, their conquest was never complete (Johanson, 1979, p. 359). To help with the invasion, they constructed a city at Caerwent that introduced Roman notions of civilization to the natives. They also built a network of roads that connected their two bases at Chester and Caerwent with some small forts (Av ery, 1975, p.687) During some expeditions into the hills of Pumpsaint, the Romans finally found the gold that they had been searching for (McQueen, 1985, p.982) When the Romans left Wales in the 4th century, they left it unprotected against the Saxons, Picts and Irish Goidel tribes. The end of the Roman Empire meant the beginning of a Dark Age for Wales ( ...

History Of Defining Sustainable Tourism Tourism Essay Example

History Of Defining Sustainable Tourism Tourism Essay Example History Of Defining Sustainable Tourism Tourism Essay History Of Defining Sustainable Tourism Tourism Essay Tourism has been one of the economic success narratives of the last 40 old ages. It has grown into a major constituent of the universe economic system and one of the most extremely developed and dynamic industries with an of import part to incomes and employment. Tourism has been quickly turning sector and a wide-sweeping socioeconomic phenomenon with wide economic, societal, cultural and environmental effects. It is likely that touristry will go on to rule the international scene for many old ages to come. ( Sharma, 2001 ) The environment is likely one of the most of import subscribers to the desirableness and attraction of a finish. Scenic site, conformable climes and alone landscape characteristics have an of import influence in touristry development and the spacial distribution of tourer motions. Apart from environment, the other of import tourer puller is civilization in all its diverseness across continents. Cultural touristry has long existed, but recent demographic, societal, and cultural alterations in the chief beginning states have led to an increasing figure of new niche markets in finish states, including culture-oriented vacations. However, like other signifiers of development, touristry has besides contributed to its portion of jobs, such as societal break, loss of cultural heritage, economic dependance and ecological debasement. ( UNEP, WTO, 2005 ) . Learning about the brunt of touristry has led many tourers to seek more painstaking vacations. These incorporate assorted signifiers of sustainable touristry such as: nature-based touristry , ecotourism and cultural touristry . The major jobs arise because the environment ( at least in the short term ) is a nothing priced public good and as with any zero-priced good, is capable to extra demand and over-utilization. This over-utilization of the natural resources and development of cultural heritage particularly during the peak periods of tourer activity every bit good as frequently sick planned touristry development, have provided a figure of illustrations where touristry is in struggle with the environment ( Coccossis, Parpairis, 1995 ) . Not merely that, as a consequence of environmental consciousness, a great figure of alternate signifiers of touristry been developed in the last decennary. Sustainable Tourism promotes limited-scale, low-impact, community-based activities. It may be defined as touristry that gives accent to the contact and apprehension between the hosts and the tourer, every bit good as the environment ( Smith A ; Eadington, 1992 ) or as touristry consistent with the natural, societal and community values and that allows a positive relationship among locals and tourers . ( Wearing A ; Neil, 1999 ) . Sustainable environment requires sustainable design. Architecture and design can continue the memorable and old memorials while it can besides make new and attractive qualities in which people can utilize and bask. Architecture has the endowment of specifying infinites and therefore has a powerful influence on the human behavior and apprehension and this is precisely what is ever taken into history in sustainability, maximising economic benefit and continuing the ecosystem. But what should be the attack to this design to accomplish all ends of sustainable touristry or instead what are the tools and rules of architecture that need to be adopted to encompass sustainable touristry demand to be developed. Thus the inquiry to be answered is: What should be the architectural attack for sustainable touristry? Specifying Sustainable Tourism Sustainable touristry is frequently considered to be a particular sort of touristry that entreaties to a peculiar market niche that is sensitive to environmental and societal impacts. This is a narrow position as sustainable touristry is much more than a discreet or particular signifier of touristry. The term sustainable touristry refers to a cardinal aim to do all touristry more sustainable. It is a continual procedure of betterment, one which applies every bit to touristry in metropoliss, resorts, rural and coastal countries, hills and protected countries. It should be thought of as a status of touristry, non a type of touristry. Sustainable touristry is based on the three pillars of sustainability ( economic, societal and environmental ) and is merely defined by the World Tourism Organization as: Tourism that takes full history of its current and future economic, societal, and environmental impacts, turn toing the demands of visitants, the industry, the environment and host comm unities. ( WTO, 2005 ) Sustainability is a procedure and non an terminal province. The built environment and Tourism Tourism has an inauspicious consequence on built environment. It could be on architectural facade, alteration of landuse, overburdening of substructure etc. Large scale building of tourer installations and other substructure tends to alter the land usage of an country and besides upset the natural ecological harmoniousness of a finish. Besides touristry brings alterations to the common engineering and sometimes the traditional buildings merely vanish giving manner to modern building which is most of the clip non following and rules of sustainability. Alternatively they create injury to the finish, finally losing the character, being environmentally upseting and non suited to the demands apart from commercial facet. Some of the other impacts of touristry on built environment and architecture of a topographic point are: over-intensive urbanisation, illegal buildings, pollution, negative aesthetic alterations, debasement of quality etc. Need Designation Tourism now accounts for 10 % of the universe s economic activity but at the same clip it has major impacts on the natural and reinforced environments and every bit good as on well being and civilizations of host population. Ecological, societal and economic sustainability are intertwined. Tourism and architecture may be connected to the benefit of the two and finally to the benefit of the people. There has been merely a really small research on the function of architecture and the attack that should be followed when aiming sustainable touristry. Since edifice activities like building of hotels, invitee houses, tourer Centres, commercial Centres etc rule the development of touristry at any topographic point, there is a demand to develop an attack and policy on architectural developments as portion of sustainable touristry. This job is of cardinal importance as it has led to the absence of an equal theoretical foundation for understanding the kineticss of alternate touristry and the societal activities it involves and reacting to it consequently. Sustainable design and planning do non endanger the economical benefits that a healthy touristry industry can convey ; on the contrary, they can heighten local distinctive features and do usage of traditional cognition and expertness. Where sustainable methods and stuffs are employed, edifices can be both ecologically and economically profitable, thanks to their lower building and life rhythm costs. This thesis will be a little attempt in the same way. Scope Sustainability does non necessitate a lessened quality of life, but it does necessitate a alteration in mentality and values toward a less consumptive life style. These alterations must encompass planetary mutuality, environmental stewardship, societal duty and economic viability. Assorted authorities organic structures, international organisations and conventions have stated the importance of touristry and its sustainability. Many states every bit good wish to or hold already initiated the chase to policies of sustainable touristry . In fact one of the most of import issues in sustainable development of touristry resources is the consideration and enlargement of design and building criterions in order to make an optimal usage of energy, H2O and land resources. The range of the survey will be to understand sustainable touristry and its signifiers maintaining in head the delicate finishs specially, be it in footings of their ecosystem, cultural heritage or economic stableness and province rules that should regulate the architectural design and planning of the touristry substructure maintaining in head sustainability as defined above. To put down the architectural moralss in planning and designing of tourer demands like hotels, invitee houses, activity Centres etc suited to the ecosystem, society and economic system. The survey will concentrate on the delicate finishs since there is more need at that place but the applications will be in general universal. The range of research is in guidelines published by international organic structures maintaining in head Indian finishs. Restrictions The instance surveies where sustainable touristry developments have been implemented will non be accessible physically and the research will hold to depend on secondary beginnings of informations. The primary instance survey will be covering a finish which is delicate ecologically, culturally and economically. It might non be possible to do multiple visits and at the same clip while making the study the deficiency of academic cognition sing the topic amongst hosts could take it adrift. None of the tourer finishs in India has adopted sustainable touristry as a whole. Few resorts, vicinities etc have adopted sustainability within them. Sustainable touristry is a comparatively new term ; the research on it will be limited to informations over the past 3o old ages merely. Since the range has to be limited the research will concentrate peculiarly on function of architecture in sustainable touristry and non other agencies of accomplishing it. When explicating the study questionnaire, the deficiency of cognition about sustainable touristry might take to indirect framing of inquiries. Besides people will hold to be relied upon for being honest which might non be the instance for all. 1.7 Mentions and Bibliography Mentions Khaksar, A. , Tahmouri, A. , Hoseinrazavi, S. , 2001, The Reciprocal Effects Of Architecture And Tourism: The Sustainability Approach, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran Sharma, K. , 2011, Sustainable Tourism Development Through Sustainable Architecture: A Projected Case Study of Cox s Bazaar, Bangladesh. Master s thesis, University of Huddersfield UNEP and WTO, 2005, Making Tourism More sustainable: A usher for policy shapers

Exchange of the Products in a Physical Form and Sale or Purchase of Literature review

Exchange of the Products in a Physical Form and Sale or Purchase of Foreign Currency - Literature review Example Two major factors are said to be the litmus test of market efficiency: the magnitude of statistical dependence between consecutive movements in exchange rates and the profitability of trading regulations. Research pertaining to the first issue on common statistical mechanisms like runs analysis and serial correlation analysis is to decide on the magnitude of reliance between successive exchange rate changes. (Jacque 1997:110). One hypothesis demonstrates that the past exchange rates include useful data in projecting future exchange rates since the data only spreads slowly among market participants, thus contradicting the market efficiency hypothesis. Poole in his empirical study has established substantial serial dependence in the currency price-rates of change by employing tests of serial correlation, filter rules and variance-time function. Pool attributed his research findings of serial reliance on transaction and inventory-carrying costs. Dooley and Shafer (1976) found a substant ial serial correlation in exchange rate series, thus doubting the Market Efficiency theory and a contrario, offering empirical proof for the Price Dynamics theory of exchange rate behaviour. Giddy and Dufey (1975) in their research study of the comparative projecting correctness of five models, proved that the behaviour of spot exchange rates is best illustrated as following a random walk, an outcome clearly dependable with the weak form of market efficiency. Some research studies have revealed that certain trading methodologies are able to make optimistic surplus revenues.